python 线程与进程学习(4)----线程之信号量

前言

    在前面的博客中写了线程锁,在博客中提到,加上锁之后,多线程并行的效果就没有了,所有的线程都是串行,这个意思也就是说线程锁只允许有一个线程同时进行,这样多线程就失去了意义.而信号量是对线程锁的再次封装,可以允许多个线程同时进行,用法和线程锁一样,作用也是为了保护数据安全.

信号量的使用:

不加信号量

import time
import threading


start_time = time.time()

def foo():
    time.sleep(2)   #程序休眠2秒
    print("ok",time.ctime())


threading_list = []
for i in range(20):
    t1=threading.Thread(target=foo,args=()) #创建线程
    t1.start()  #启动线程
    threading_list.append(t1)

for t in threading_list:
    t.join()


end_time = time.time()

print('cost time {}s'.format((end_time-start_time)))

执行结果:

ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:21:25 2019
cost time 2.0048305988311768s

加入信号量:

import time
import threading


start_time = time.time()
s1=threading.Semaphore(5)   #添加一个计数器

def foo():
    s1.acquire()    #计数器获得锁
    time.sleep(2)   #程序休眠2秒
    print("ok",time.ctime())
    s1.release()    #计数器释放锁


threading_list = []
for i in range(20):
    t1=threading.Thread(target=foo,args=()) #创建线程
    t1.start()  #启动线程
    threading_list.append(t1)


for t in threading_list:
    t.join()


end_time = time.time()

print('cost time {}s'.format((end_time-start_time)))

执行结果*:

ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:31 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:31 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:31 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:31 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:31 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:33 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:33 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:33 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:33 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:33 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:35 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:35 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:35 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:35 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:35 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:37 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:37 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:37 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:37 2019
ok Tue Sep 17 20:25:37 2019
cost time 8.010826587677002s

写在最后

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