一、编写脚本，支持让用户自主选择，使用mysqldump还是xtraback全量备份。
#!/bin/bash
while true;do
cat << EOF
1) mysqldump
2) xtrabackup
3) quit
EOF
read -p "请选择备份方式：" num
case $num in
1)
mkdir /backup/mysqldump
mysqldump -A -F --master-data --single-transaction > /backup/mysqldump/fullbsk_`date +%F`.sql
echo "成功备份到/backup/mysqldump"
exit 1
;;
2)
mkdir /backup/xtraback
xtrabackup --backup --target-dir=/backup/xtraback/`date +%F`/ &> /dev/null
echo "成功备份到/backup/xtraback"
exit 2
;;
3)
exit 3
;;
*)
;;
esac
done
二、配置Mysql主从同步。
配置MySQL主节点
1.安装mariadb,修改配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install mariadb-server -y
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=7
log-bin=/data/logbin/mysql
innodb_file_per_table=1
...
[root@centos7 ~]#mkdir /data/logbin
[root@centos7 ~]#chown mysql.mysql /data/logbin/
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start mariadb
2.创建有复制权限的用户账号
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'192.168.45.%' identified by 'centos';
MariaDB [(none)]> show master logs;
+--------------+-----------+
| Log_name | File_size |
+--------------+-----------+
| mysql.000001 | 284 |
| mysql.000002 | 245 |
+--------------+-----------+
3.主节点完整备份，并复制至从节点
[root@centos7 ~]#mysqldump -A -F --master-data=1 --single-transaction > /data/bak.sql
[root@centos7 ~]#scp /data/bak.sql 192.168.45.17:/data/
配置MySQL从节点
1.安装mariadb,修改配置文件
[root@centos7 ~]#yum install mariadb-server -y
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=17
read-only
innodb_file_per_table=1
...
2.修改主节点备份文件
[root@centos7 ~]#vim /data/bak.sql
...
CHANGE MASTER TO
MASTER_HOST='192.168.45.7',
MASTER_USER='repluser',
MASTER_PASSWORD='centos',
MASTER_PORT=3306,
MASTER_LOG_FILE='mysql.000002',
MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
...
3.导入主节点备份文件，开启slave
[root@centos7 ~]#systemctl start mariadb
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql < /data/bak.sql
[root@centos7 ~]#mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status\G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.45.7
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mysql.000002
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 525
Relay_Master_Log_File: mysql.000002
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
Replicate_Do_DB:
Replicate_Ignore_DB:
Replicate_Do_Table:
Replicate_Ignore_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Do_Table:
Replicate_Wild_Ignore_Table:
Last_Errno: 0
Last_Error:
Skip_Counter: 0
Exec_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_Space: 821
Until_Condition: None
Until_Log_File:
Until_Log_Pos: 0
Master_SSL_Allowed: No
Master_SSL_CA_File:
Master_SSL_CA_Path:
Master_SSL_Cert:
Master_SSL_Cipher:
Master_SSL_Key:
Seconds_Behind_Master: 0
Master_SSL_Verify_Server_Cert: No
Last_IO_Errno: 0
Last_IO_Error:
Last_SQL_Errno: 0
Last_SQL_Error:
Replicate_Ignore_Server_Ids:
Master_Server_Id: 7
测试MySQL主从同步
1.在主节点导入hellodb数据库
2.查看从节点是否正常同步
三、使用MHA实现Mysql高可用。
实验4台server：
管理节点：
MHA manager server 1台，ip：192.168.45.7
被管理节点：
mysql master server 1台，ip：192.168.45.17
mysql slave server 2台，ip：192.168.45.27 192.168.45.37
- 在管理节点上安装mha4mysql-manager和mha4mysql-node包
在被管理节点上安装mariadb-server和mha4mysql-node包 - 配置mysql主节点,并添加账户
[root@master ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=17
log-bin
skip_name_resolve=1
...
[root@master ~]#systemctl start mariadb
[root@master ~]#mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> grant replication slave on *.* to repluser@'192.168.45.%' identified by 'centos';
MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on *.* to mhauser@'192.168.45.%' identified by 'centos';
- 配置mysql从节点
1.配置从节点192.168.45.27
[root@slave27 ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=27
read-only
log-bin
relay_log_purge=0
skip_name_resolve=1
...
[root@slave27 ~]#systemctl start mariadb
[root@slave27 ~]#mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.45.17',
-> MASTER_USER='repluser',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='centos',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.45.17
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 540
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 826
Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
2.配置从节点192.168.45.37
[root@slave37 ~]#vim /etc/my.cnf
[mysqld]
server-id=37
read-only
log-bin
relay_log_purge=0
skip_name_resolve=1
...
[root@slave37 ~]#systemctl start mariadb
[root@slave37 ~]#mysql
MariaDB [(none)]> CHANGE MASTER TO
-> MASTER_HOST='192.168.45.17',
-> MASTER_USER='repluser',
-> MASTER_PASSWORD='centos',
-> MASTER_PORT=3306,
-> MASTER_LOG_FILE='mariadb-bin.000001',
-> MASTER_LOG_POS=245;
MariaDB [(none)]> start slave;
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.45.17
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 540
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 826
Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
- 配置MHA管理节点
[root@mha-manager ~]#mkdir /etc/mha
[root@mha-manager ~]#vim /etc/mha/app1.cnf
[server default]
user=mhauser
password=centos
manager_workdir=/data/mastermha/app1/
manager_log=/data/mastermha/app1/manager.log
remote_workdir=/data/mastermha/app1/
ssh_user=root
repl_user=repluser
repl_password=centos
ping_interval=1
[server1]
hostname=192.168.45.17
candidate_master=1
[server2]
hostname=192.168.45.27
[server3]
hostname=192.168.45.37
candidate_master=1
- 在所有节点实现相互之间ssh key验证
在管理节点上生成key，并将生成的key、公私钥拷贝到其余节点/root/.ssh文件夹中
[root@mha-manager ~]#ssh-keygen
[root@mha-manager ~]#ssh-copy-id 192.168.45.7
[root@mha-manager ~]#scp -r .ssh 192.168.45.17:/root/
[root@mha-manager ~]#scp -r .ssh 192.168.45.27:/root/
[root@mha-manager ~]#scp -r .ssh 192.168.45.37:/root/
- MHA验证和启动
[root@mha-manager ~]#masterha_check_ssh --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf
Fri Aug 7 15:20:18 2020 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Fri Aug 7 15:20:18 2020 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/app1.cnf..
Fri Aug 7 15:20:18 2020 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/app1.cnf..
Fri Aug 7 15:20:18 2020 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Fri Aug 7 15:20:40 2020 - [debug]
Fri Aug 7 15:20:19 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:22) to root@192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:22)..
Fri Aug 7 15:20:29 2020 - [debug] ok.
Fri Aug 7 15:20:29 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:22) to root@192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:22)..
Fri Aug 7 15:20:40 2020 - [debug] ok.
Fri Aug 7 15:20:51 2020 - [debug]
Fri Aug 7 15:20:19 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:22) to root@192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:22)..
Fri Aug 7 15:20:30 2020 - [debug] ok.
Fri Aug 7 15:20:30 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:22) to root@192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:22)..
Fri Aug 7 15:20:50 2020 - [debug] ok.
Fri Aug 7 15:20:55 2020 - [debug]
Fri Aug 7 15:20:18 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:22) to root@192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:22)..
Fri Aug 7 15:20:34 2020 - [debug] ok.
Fri Aug 7 15:20:34 2020 - [debug] Connecting via SSH from root@192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:22) to root@192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:22)..
Fri Aug 7 15:20:54 2020 - [debug] ok.
Fri Aug 7 15:20:55 2020 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
[root@mha-manager ~]#masterha_check_repl --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf
Fri Aug 7 15:21:19 2020 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:19 2020 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/app1.cnf..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:19 2020 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/app1.cnf..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:19 2020 - [info] MHA::MasterMonitor version 0.56.
Creating directory /data/mastermha/app1/.. done.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] GTID failover mode = 0
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Dead Servers:
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Alive Servers:
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] 192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:3306)
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] 192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:3306)
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] 192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:3306)
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Alive Slaves:
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] 192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:3306) Version=5.5.65-MariaDB (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:3306)
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] 192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:3306) Version=5.5.65-MariaDB (oldest major version between slaves) log-bin:enabled
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Replicating from 192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:3306)
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Primary candidate for the new Master (candidate_master is set)
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Current Alive Master: 192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:3306)
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Checking slave configurations..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [warning] relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:3306).
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [warning] relay_log_purge=0 is not set on slave 192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:3306).
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Checking replication filtering settings..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] binlog_do_db= , binlog_ignore_db=
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Replication filtering check ok.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] GTID (with auto-pos) is not supported
Fri Aug 7 15:21:20 2020 - [info] Starting SSH connection tests..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:42 2020 - [info] All SSH connection tests passed successfully.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:42 2020 - [info] Checking MHA Node version..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:42 2020 - [info] Version check ok.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:42 2020 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication settings on the current master..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] HealthCheck: SSH to 192.168.45.17 is reachable.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Master MHA Node version is 0.56.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Checking recovery script configurations on 192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:3306)..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Executing command: save_binary_logs --command=test --start_pos=4 --binlog_dir=/var/lib/mysql,/var/log/mysql --output_file=/data/mastermha/app1//save_binary_logs_test --manager_version=0.56 --start_file=mariadb-bin.000001
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Connecting to root@192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:22)..
Creating /data/mastermha/app1 if not exists.. Creating directory /data/mastermha/app1.. done.
ok.
Checking output directory is accessible or not..
ok.
Binlog found at /var/lib/mysql, up to mariadb-bin.000001
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Binlog setting check done.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Checking SSH publickey authentication and checking recovery script configurations on all alive slave servers..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='mhauser' --slave_host=192.168.45.27 --slave_ip=192.168.45.27 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/data/mastermha/app1/ --target_version=5.5.65-MariaDB --manager_version=0.56 --relay_log_info=/var/lib/mysql/relay-log.info --relay_dir=/var/lib/mysql/ --slave_pass=xxx
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Connecting to root@192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:22)..
Creating directory /data/mastermha/app1/.. done.
Checking slave recovery environment settings..
Opening /var/lib/mysql/relay-log.info ... ok.
Relay log found at /var/lib/mysql, up to mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Temporary relay log file is /var/lib/mysql/mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Testing mysql connection and privileges.. done.
Testing mysqlbinlog output.. done.
Cleaning up test file(s).. done.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Executing command : apply_diff_relay_logs --command=test --slave_user='mhauser' --slave_host=192.168.45.37 --slave_ip=192.168.45.37 --slave_port=3306 --workdir=/data/mastermha/app1/ --target_version=5.5.65-MariaDB --manager_version=0.56 --relay_log_info=/var/lib/mysql/relay-log.info --relay_dir=/var/lib/mysql/ --slave_pass=xxx
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Connecting to root@192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:22)..
Creating directory /data/mastermha/app1/.. done.
Checking slave recovery environment settings..
Opening /var/lib/mysql/relay-log.info ... ok.
Relay log found at /var/lib/mysql, up to mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Temporary relay log file is /var/lib/mysql/mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Testing mysql connection and privileges.. done.
Testing mysqlbinlog output.. done.
Cleaning up test file(s).. done.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Slaves settings check done.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info]
192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:3306) (current master)
+--192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:3306)
+--192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:3306)
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.45.27..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] ok.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Checking replication health on 192.168.45.37..
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] ok.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [warning] master_ip_failover_script is not defined.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [warning] shutdown_script is not defined.
Fri Aug 7 15:21:43 2020 - [info] Got exit code 0 (Not master dead).
MySQL Replication Health is OK.
[root@mha-manager ~]#masterha_manager --conf=/etc/mha/app1.cnf
Fri Aug 7 15:23:01 2020 - [warning] Global configuration file /etc/masterha_default.cnf not found. Skipping.
Fri Aug 7 15:23:01 2020 - [info] Reading application default configuration from /etc/mha/app1.cnf..
Fri Aug 7 15:23:01 2020 - [info] Reading server configuration from /etc/mha/app1.cnf..
- 测试MHA高可用性
关闭mysql主节点mariadb服务
[root@master ~]#systemctl stop mariadb
从192.168.45.27上查看
MariaDB [(none)]> show slave status \G
*************************** 1. row ***************************
Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
Master_Host: 192.168.45.37
Master_User: repluser
Master_Port: 3306
Connect_Retry: 60
Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001
Read_Master_Log_Pos: 245
Relay_Log_File: mariadb-relay-bin.000002
Relay_Log_Pos: 531
Relay_Master_Log_File: mariadb-bin.000001
Slave_IO_Running: Yes
Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
从管理节点的日志可以看到mysql主节点已经从192.168.45.17切换到192.168.45.37
[root@mha-manager ~]#tail -f /data/mastermha/app1/manager.log
...
----- Failover Report -----
app1: MySQL Master failover 192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:3306) to 192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:3306) succeeded
Master 192.168.45.17(192.168.45.17:3306) is down!
Check MHA Manager logs at mha-manager:/data/mastermha/app1/manager.log for details.
Started automated(non-interactive) failover.
The latest slave 192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:3306) has all relay logs for recovery.
Selected 192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:3306) as a new master.
192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:3306): OK: Applying all logs succeeded.
192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:3306): This host has the latest relay log events.
Generating relay diff files from the latest slave succeeded.
192.168.45.27(192.168.45.27:3306): OK: Applying all logs succeeded. Slave started, replicating from 192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:3306)
192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:3306): Resetting slave info succeeded.
Master failover to 192.168.45.37(192.168.45.37:3306) completed successfully.
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