MySQL

一、 导入hellodb.sql生成数据库

[root@centos7 ~]#mysql <hellodb_innodb.sql

(1) 在students表中，查询年龄大于25岁，且为男性的同学的名字和年龄

MariaDB [hellodb]> select name,gender,age from students where age>25 and gender='M';
+--------------+--------+-----+
| name         | gender | age |
+--------------+--------+-----+
| Xie Yanke    | M      |  53 |
| Ding Dian    | M      |  32 |
| Yu Yutong    | M      |  26 |
| Shi Qing     | M      |  46 |
| Tian Boguang | M      |  33 |
| Xu Xian      | M      |  27 |
| Sun Dasheng  | M      | 100 |
+--------------+--------+-----+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(2) 以ClassID为分组依据，显示每组的平均年龄

MariaDB [hellodb]> select classid,avg(age) as 平均年龄 from students where classid is not null group by classid;
+---------+--------------+
| classid | 平均年龄      |
+---------+--------------+
|       1 |      20.5000 |
|       2 |      36.0000 |
|       3 |      20.2500 |
|       4 |      24.7500 |
|       5 |      46.0000 |
|       6 |      20.7500 |
|       7 |      19.6667 |
+---------+--------------+
7 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(3) 显示第2题中平均年龄大于30的分组及平均年龄

MariaDB [hellodb]> select classid,avg(age) as 平均年龄 from students where classid is not null group by classid having 平均年龄>30;
+---------+--------------+
| classid | 平均年龄      |
+---------+--------------+
|       2 |      36.0000 |
|       5 |      46.0000 |
+---------+--------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

(4) 显示以L开头的名字的同学的信息

MariaDB [hellodb]> select * from students where name like 'l%';
+-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
| StuID | Name        | Age | Gender | ClassID | TeacherID |
+-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
|     8 | Lin Daiyu   |  17 | F      |       7 |      NULL |
|    14 | Lu Wushuang |  17 | F      |       3 |      NULL |
|    17 | Lin Chong   |  25 | M      |       4 |      NULL |
+-------+-------------+-----+--------+---------+-----------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

二、数据库授权magedu用户，允许192.168.1.0/24网段可以连接mysql

MariaDB [(none)]> grant all on mysql.* to magedu@'192.168.45.%' identified by 'centos';
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> flush privileges;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.00 sec)

MariaDB [(none)]> select user,host,password from mysql.user;
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| user   | host                | password                                  |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------+
| root   | localhost           |                                           |
| root   | centos7.localdomain |                                           |
| root   | 127.0.0.1           |                                           |
| root   | ::1                 |                                           |
|        | localhost           |                                           |
|        | centos7.localdomain |                                           |
| magedu | 192.168.45.%        | *128977E278358FF80A246B5046F51043A2B1FCED |
+--------+---------------------+-------------------------------------------+
8 rows in set (0.00 sec)

验证登陆：

[root@centos6 ~]#mysql -umagedu -pcentos -h192.168.45.7
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server

Copyright (c) 2000, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> show grants for current_user();
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| Grants for magedu@192.168.45.%                                                                                   |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| GRANT USAGE ON *.* TO 'magedu'@'192.168.45.%' IDENTIFIED BY PASSWORD '*128977E278358FF80A246B5046F51043A2B1FCED' |
| GRANT ALL PRIVILEGES ON `mysql`.* TO 'magedu'@'192.168.45.%'                                                     |
+------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
2 rows in set (0.00 sec)

mysql> \s
--------------
mysql  Ver 14.14 Distrib 5.1.73, for redhat-linux-gnu (x86_64) using readline 5.1

Connection id:		5
Current database:	
Current user:		magedu@192.168.45.6
SSL:			Not in use
Current pager:		stdout
Using outfile:		''
Using delimiter:	;
Server version:		5.5.65-MariaDB MariaDB Server
Protocol version:	10
Connection:		192.168.45.7 via TCP/IP
Server characterset:	utf8mb4
Db     characterset:	utf8mb4
Client characterset:	latin1
Conn.  characterset:	latin1
TCP port:		3306
Uptime:			16 min 0 sec

Threads: 2  Questions: 114  Slow queries: 0  Opens: 7  Flush tables: 2  Open tables: 26  Queries per second avg: 0.118
--------------

三、总结mysql常见的存储引擎以及特点。

mysql常见的存储引擎：MyISAM、InnoDB、Memory、Archive、NDB、MRG_MyISAM等

MyIASM：使用于只读(或者写较少)、表较小(可以接受长时间进行修复操作)的场景
 不支持事务
 表级锁定
 读写相互阻塞，写入不能读，读时不能写
 只缓存索引
 不支持外键约束
 不支持聚簇索引
 读取数据较快，占用资源较少
 不支持MVCC(多版本并发控制机制)高并发
 崩溃恢复性较差
 MySQL5.5.5前默认的数据库引擎

InnoDB：
 行级锁
 支持事务，适合处理大量短期事务
 读写阻塞与事务隔离级别相关
 可缓存数据和索引
 支持聚簇索引
 崩溃恢复性更好
 支持MVCC高并发
 从MySQL5.5后支持全文索引
 从MySQL5.5.5开始为默认的数据库引擎