spring cloud学习（七）-Hystrix【Feign服务降级】

Hystrix介绍

Hystrix是一个用于处理分布式系统的延迟和容错的开源库，在分布式系统里，许多依赖不可避免的会调用失败，比如超时、异常等；Hystrix能够保证在一个依赖处问题的情况下，不会导致整体服务失败，避免级联故障，以提高分布式系统的弹性；

"断路器" 本身是一种开关装置，当某个服务单元发生故障之后，通过断路器的故障监控（类似熔断保险丝），向调用方向返回一个符合预期的、可处理的备选响应（fallback）,而不是长时间的等待或者抛出调用方无法处理的异常，这样就保证了服务调用方的线程不会被长时间、不必要的占用，从而避免了故障在分布式系统中的蔓延，乃至雪崩；

使用feign做服务调用时，provider和consumer需要依赖相同的service服务

导入依赖

   <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-netflix-hystrix</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.cloud</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-cloud-starter-openfeign</artifactId>
        </dependency>

修改配置文件

feign中默认是关闭对Hystrix的支持的，我们需要放开设置

server:
  port: 9001
eureka:
  client:
    register-with-eureka: false
    service-url:
      defaultZone: http://eureka7001.com:7001/eureka,http://eureka7002.com:7002/eureka

#设置feign客户端超时时间(openFeign默认支持Ribbon)
ribbon:
  #  配置建立连接所用时间，使用与网络状态正常的情况下，两端连接所用的时间
  ReadTimeout: 5000
  #  配置连接后从服务器读取到可用资源所用的时间
  ConnectTimeout: 5000
#手动打开feign对hystrix的支持
feign:
  hystrix:
    enabled: true

在主启动类中添加注解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableFeignClients
@EnableHystrix
public class Order9001Hystrix {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(Order9001Hystrix.class,args);
    }
}

业务处理

业务层接口中我们不需要再继承自service中的父接口了，直接在接口中声明一模一样的方法接口

@Component
@FeignClient(value = "CLOUD-HYSTRIX-PAYMENT8010",fallback = PaymentFallbackHysyrixService.class)
public interface PaymentHystrixService {

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id);
}

添加返回兜底数据的类

@Component
public class PaymentFallbackHysyrixService implements PaymentHystrixService {
    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(Integer id) {
        return "PaymentFallbackHysyrixService=> paymentInfo_Ok ==>fallback==>id="+id;
    }

    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
        return "PaymentFallbackHysyrixService=> paymentInfo_TimeOut ==>fallback==>id="+id;
    }
}

控制层

//@DefaultProperties(defaultFallback = "paymentInfo_gloBalHandler")
public class OrderHystrixController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentHystrixService paymentHystrixService;

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_Ok(id);
        return  result;
    };

    @GetMapping("/consumer/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
//    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
//            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "1500")//3秒以内为正常业务逻辑
//    })
//    @HystrixCommand
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = paymentHystrixService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        return result;
    };
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id) {
        return "我是消费者，对方支付系统繁忙请稍后重试！！！！！！";
    }

    public String paymentInfo_gloBalHandler() {
        return "我是消费者，global全局降级服务！！！！！！";
    }
}

测试

也可以对服务的提供者进行加固

业务处理类

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {


    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(Integer id) {
        return "线程池" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   paymentInfo_Ok   id=>"+id + "正确";
    }

    @Override
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "5000")//5秒以内为正常业务逻辑
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
        int timeNumber = 3;
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeNumber);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   paymentInfo_Ok   id=>"+id + "超时 =>" +timeNumber ;
    }
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id) {
        return "线程池" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   8001系统繁忙请稍后重试！！！  id=>"+id + "   放心有我在兜底！！";
    }
}

控制层

@RestController
@Slf4j
public class PaymentController {

    @Resource
    private PaymentService paymentService;

    @Value("${server.port}")
    private String serverPort;

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/ok/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_Ok(id);
        log.info("*****result===>"+result);
        return result;
    }

    @GetMapping("/payment/hystrix/timeout/{id}")
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(@PathVariable("id") Integer id) {
        String result = paymentService.paymentInfo_TimeOut(id);
        log.info("*****result===>"+result);
        return result;
    }
}

在服务的提供者主启动类中添加注解

@SpringBootApplication
@EnableEurekaClient
@EnableCircuitBreaker
public class PaymentHystrix8010 {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        SpringApplication.run(PaymentHystrix8010.class,args);
    }
}

测试

正常访问

修改业务PaymentServiceImpl

@Service
public class PaymentServiceImpl implements PaymentService {


    @Override
    public String paymentInfo_Ok(Integer id) {
        return "线程池" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   paymentInfo_Ok   id=>"+id + "正确";
    }

    @Override
    @HystrixCommand(fallbackMethod = "paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler",commandProperties = {
            @HystrixProperty(name = "execution.isolation.thread.timeoutInMilliseconds",value = "3000")//3秒以内为正常业务逻辑
    })
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOut(Integer id) {
        int timeNumber = 5;
        try {
            TimeUnit.SECONDS.sleep(timeNumber);
        }catch (Exception e){
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return "线程池" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   paymentInfo_Ok   id=>"+id + "超时 =>" +timeNumber ;
    }
    public String paymentInfo_TimeOutHandler(Integer id) {
        return "线程池" + Thread.currentThread().getName()+"   8001系统繁忙请稍后重试！！！  id=>"+id + "   放心有我在兜底！！";
    }
}

测试

降级后的访问