Numpy_1基础结构

numpy库基础结构

• 可以通过打印help(numpy.XXX函数)看相应的帮助文档

import numpy as np
#读取一个文件，并且以XX作为分隔符
f = np.genfromtxt('./data/world_alcohol.txt',delimiter = ',',dtype = str)
print(type(f))
print(f)

<class 'numpy.ndarray'>
[['Year' 'WHO region' 'Country' 'Beverage Types' 'Display Value']
 ['1986' 'Western Pacific' 'Viet Nam' 'Wine' '0']
 ['1986' 'Americas' 'Uruguay' 'Other' '0.5']
 ...
 ['1987' 'Africa' 'Malawi' 'Other' '0.75']
 ['1989' 'Americas' 'Bahamas' 'Wine' '1.5']
 ['1985' 'Africa' 'Malawi' 'Spirits' '0.31']]

• 创建一维向量和矩阵，以及打印其维度

vector = np.array([1,2,3])
matrix = np.array([[1,2,3],[4,5,6],[7,8,9]])
print(vector)
print(matrix)

[1 2 3]
[[1 2 3]
 [4 5 6]
 [7 8 9]]

print(vector.shape)
print(matrix.shape)

(3,)
(3, 3)

vector.dtype

dtype('int32')

• Numpy array中数据类型要保持一致

numbers = np.array([1,2,3,4])
print(numbers)
numbers.dtype

[1 2 3 4]





dtype('int32')

numbers = np.array([1,2,3,4.5])
print(numbers)
numbers.dtype

[1.  2.  3.  4.5]





dtype('float64')

world_alcohol = np.genfromtxt('./data/world_alcohol.txt',delimiter = ',',dtype = str)
print(world_alcohol)

[['Year' 'WHO region' 'Country' 'Beverage Types' 'Display Value']
 ['1986' 'Western Pacific' 'Viet Nam' 'Wine' '0']
 ['1986' 'Americas' 'Uruguay' 'Other' '0.5']
 ...
 ['1987' 'Africa' 'Malawi' 'Other' '0.75']
 ['1989' 'Americas' 'Bahamas' 'Wine' '1.5']
 ['1985' 'Africa' 'Malawi' 'Spirits' '0.31']]

second_country = world_alcohol[1,1]
print(second_country)

Western Pacific

• array数组同样可以切片操作

numbers = np.array([1,2,3,4,5])
num1 = numbers[0:4]
print(num1)

[1 2 3 4]

matrix = np.array([[1,2,3],
                   [4,5,6],
                   [7,8,9]])
mat1 = matrix[:,1]
print(mat1)

[2 5 8]

mat2 = matrix[:,0:2]
print(mat2)

[[1 2]
 [4 5]
 [7 8]]

重要

• Numpy array数组可以直接判断是否包含某个值，且相应的结果可以当做索引

vector = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7])
vector == 5

array([False, False, False, False,  True, False, False])

matrix = np.array([[1,2,3],
                   [4,5,6],
                   [7,8,9]])
matrix == 5

array([[False, False, False],
       [False,  True, False],
       [False, False, False]])

vector = np.array([1,2,3,4,5,6,7])
equal_to_five = (vector == 5)
print(equal_to_five)
print(vector[equal_to_five])

[False False False False  True False False]
[5]

matrix = np.array([[1,5,3],
                   [4,5,6],
                   [7,8,9]])
second_column_5 = (matrix[:,1] == 5)
print(second_column_5)
print(matrix[second_column_5,:])

[ True  True False]
[[1 5 3]
 [4 5 6]]