1.原始构成
-
synchronized是关键字,属于JVM层面
monitorenter,monitorexit(底层是通过monitor对象来完成,其实wait/notify等方法也依赖于monitor对象,只有在同步块或方法中才能调用wait/notify等方法) -
Lock是具体类(java.util.concurrent.locks.lock)是api层面的锁。java5开始使用。
2.使用方法
-
synchronized 不需要用户手动去释放锁,当synchronized代码执行完成后系统会自动让线程释放对锁的占用。
-
ReentrantLock 则需要用户去手动释放锁,若没有主动释放,就会导致出现死锁现象。
需要lock()和unlock()方法配合try/finally语句块来完成。
3.等待是否可中断
- synchronized 不可中断,除非抛出异常或者正常运行完成。
- ReentrantLock 可中断,
- 1.设置超时方法 tryLock(long timeout, TimeUnit unit);
- 2.lockInterruptibly()放代码块中,调用interrupt方法可中断。
4.加锁是否公平
- synchronized 非公平锁
- ReentrantLock
两者都可以,默认非公平锁,构造方法可以传入boolean值,true为公平锁,false为非公平锁。
5.锁绑定多个条件Condition
- synchronized没有
- ReentrantLock 用来实现分组唤醒,需要唤醒的线程们,可以精准唤醒,而不是像synchronized要么随机唤醒一个,要么唤醒全部线程。
我们来做一道题,具体了解一下
题目:多线程之家按顺序调用,实现A->B->C三个线程启动,需求如下:
A打印5次,B打印10次,C打印15次
紧接着
A打印5次,B打印10次,C打印15次
…
来10轮
话不多说,上代码:
package BlockingQueue;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Condition;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
import java.util.concurrent.locks.ReentrantLock;
class MyResource {
private int number = 1; //1:线程A 2:线程B 3:线程C
private Lock lock = new ReentrantLock();
private Condition c1 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition c2 = lock.newCondition();
private Condition c3 = lock.newCondition();
public void print5(){
lock.lock();
try {
//判断
while (number !=1){
c1.await();
}
//干活 打印5次
for (int i = 0; i < 5; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i);
}
//改变标志位的值,多线程中很重要
number = 2;
//通知
c2.signalAll();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print10(){
lock.lock();
try {
//判断
while (number !=2){
c2.await();
}
//干活 打印10次
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i);
}
//改变标志位的值,多线程中很重要
number = 3;
//通知
c3.signalAll();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
public void print15(){
lock.lock();
try {
//判断
while (number !=3){
c3.await();
}
//干活 打印15次
for (int i = 0; i < 15; i++) {
System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName() + "\t" + i);
}
//改变标志位的值,多线程中很重要
number = 1;
//通知
c1.signalAll();
}catch (Exception e){
e.printStackTrace();
}finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
}
public class SyncAndReentrantLockDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
MyResource myResource = new MyResource();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
myResource.print5();
}
},"A").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
myResource.print10();
}
},"B").start();
new Thread(() -> {
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) {
myResource.print15();
}
},"C").start();
}
}
执行结果:
"C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\bin\java.exe" "-javaagent:D:\software\idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.1\lib\idea_rt.jar=53196:D:\software\idea\IntelliJ IDEA 2020.3.1\bin" -Dfile.encoding=UTF-8 -classpath "C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\charsets.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\deploy.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\access-bridge-64.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\cldrdata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\dnsns.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jaccess.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\jfxrt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\localedata.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\nashorn.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunec.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunjce_provider.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunmscapi.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\sunpkcs11.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\ext\zipfs.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\javaws.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jce.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfr.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jfxswt.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\jsse.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\management-agent.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\plugin.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\resources.jar;C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.8.0_131\jre\lib\rt.jar;D:\idea-workspace-all\juc\out\production\juc" BlockingQueue.SyncAndReentrantLockDemo
A 0
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A 0
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C 0
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Process finished with exit code 0