reactor单反应堆实现百万并发

reactor单反应堆实现百万并发

1.对并发概念的理解
服务器并发概念：服务器同时能承载的客户端数量。
服务器并发的基本要求：
（1）5w以上的响应请求
（2）cpu占用率在60%左右
（3）内存占用率在80%左右

对并发理解的误区：
（1）QPS：单位时间内能够处理请求的数量
（2）服务器处理客户端请求的数量 -----> 没有限定时间

2.五元组保证唯一的网络 IO

五元组定义	描述
源IP	客户端IP
目的IP	服务端IP
源端口	客户端port：0~65535
目的端口	服务端port：0~65535
PROTOCOL	协议类型：TCP/UDP

每一个五元组就能确定一个网络IO

查看端口范围：cat /proc/sys/net/ipv4/ip_local_port_range

线上的环境：一般是服务器绑定一个端口，每个客户端IP都是不一样的。

局域网测试环境：由于PC机的性能限制，只能采用服务器监听多个端口，几个客户端IP连接多个服务器端口的方式。

3.测试环境的要求

（1）方案一：
三台ubuntu虚拟机、内存每台分配4GB
一台做服务器（监听100个端口），其中两台做客户端，每个客户端连接50万

（2）方案二：
四台ubuntu虚拟机，服务器内存4GB（监听100个端口）
三台客户端分配3GB内存，每台连接34万

4.限制网络IO的几大因素

（1）open files （进程文件最大打开个数）虚拟机默认1024
查看open files的方法：ulimit -a
修改open files的方法：

• 临时修改：ulimit -n 修改的值
• 永久修改：vim /etc/security/limits.conf
  

（2）file-max（系统文件最大个数）默认1024

修改file-max：vim /etc/sysctl.conf
生效指令：sudo sysctl -p

（3）nf_conntrack_max（三次握手最后一次最大连接数）默认不开启

• 不开启时执行sudo sysctl -p:

   提示没有nf_conntrack_max
  

• 开启modprobe ip_conntrack模块使nf_conntrack_max生效：
  开启命令：sudo modprobe ip_conntrack
  

5.如何将客户端每1000个连接的耗时变短
（1）多个accept放在一个线程处理——本质没有变化，耗时还是一样

（2）多个accept放在多个线程处理——通过每个线程listen多个port方式处理，可以缩短耗时

（3）多个accept放在多个进程处理——nginx的处理方式，没有fd限制，适合前后连接没有关联关系的场景

多线程和多进程处理的区别：

• 多进程不需要加锁，每个进程独享资源
• 多进程fd的上限比多线程多得多

单服务器模型：

6.C10M问题的突破
（1）早期C10k的突破得益于epoll的引入，epoll的剖析后期会有专门的专题
（2）目前服务器在epoll的reactor模型下，达到C1000k已经不是问题了，本文的测试就是针对C1000k的测试做的专题
（3）C10M的问题需要引入用户态协议栈，做到零拷贝的方式，直接从网卡映射出虚拟内存，绕过内核直达应用层，减少内核和用户态之间拷贝数据所耗的资源。

7.高性能服务器的五大维度

影响服务性能的五元组：

• CPU
• 内存
• 网络带宽（磁盘）
• 操作系统
• 应用程序

设计高性能服务器从四个方面考虑：

（1）CPU粘合：业务分离，多CPU多进程方式，每个CPU处理一种业务（sched_setaffinity可以绑定CPU和进程的亲和性）
（2）网络IO：用户态协议栈、mmap
（3）磁盘：文件系统的磁盘IO/网络IO，统一用协程调度
（4）内存：内存池管理内存（避免频繁的创建和销毁内存，内存创建大小不一，造成内存的碎片化）

8.百万并发测试服务器程序和客户端程序
服务器程序rector.c：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>

#include <fcntl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <errno.h>


#define BUFFER_LENGTH		1024
#define MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS	1024*1024 //connection 
#define MAX_EPOLL_ITEM		102400 //con
#define SERVER_PORT			8888

#define LISTEN_PORT_COUNT	100

typedef int NCALLBACK(int ,int, void*);

struct ntyevent {
	int fd;
	int events;
	void *arg;
	int (*callback)(int fd, int events, void *arg);
	
	int status;
	char buffer[BUFFER_LENGTH];
	int length;
	long last_active;
};



struct ntyreactor {
	int epfd;
	struct ntyevent *events; // 1024 * 1024
};


int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg);
int send_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg);


void nty_event_set(struct ntyevent *ev, int fd, NCALLBACK callback, void *arg) {

	ev->fd = fd;
	ev->callback = callback;
	ev->events = 0;
	ev->arg = arg;
	ev->last_active = time(NULL);

	return ;
	
}


int nty_event_add(int epfd, int events, struct ntyevent *ev) {

	struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};
	ep_ev.data.ptr = ev;
	ep_ev.events = ev->events = events;

	int op;
	if (ev->status == 1) {
		op = EPOLL_CTL_MOD;
	} else {
		op = EPOLL_CTL_ADD;
		ev->status = 1;
	}

	if (epoll_ctl(epfd, op, ev->fd, &ep_ev) < 0) {
		printf("event add failed [fd=%d], events[%d]\n", ev->fd, events);
		return -1;
	}

	return 0;
}

int nty_event_del(int epfd, struct ntyevent *ev) {

	struct epoll_event ep_ev = {0, {0}};

	if (ev->status != 1) {
		return -1;
	}

	ep_ev.data.ptr = ev;
	ev->status = 0;
	epoll_ctl(epfd, EPOLL_CTL_DEL, ev->fd, &ep_ev);

	return 0;
}

int recv_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg) {

	struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
	struct ntyevent *ev = reactor->events+fd;

	int len = recv(fd, ev->buffer, BUFFER_LENGTH, 0);
	nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);

	if (len > 0) {
		
		ev->length = len;
		ev->buffer[len] = '\0';

		printf("C[%d]:%s\n", fd, ev->buffer);

		nty_event_set(ev, fd, send_cb, reactor);
		nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLOUT, ev);
		
		
	} else if (len == 0) {

		close(ev->fd);
		printf("[fd=%d] pos[%ld], closed\n", fd, ev-reactor->events);
		 
	} else {

		close(ev->fd);
		printf("recv[fd=%d] error[%d]:%s\n", fd, errno, strerror(errno));
		
	}

	return len;
}


int send_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg) {

	struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
	struct ntyevent *ev = reactor->events+fd;

	int len = send(fd, ev->buffer, ev->length, 0);
	if (len > 0) {
		printf("send[fd=%d], [%d]%s\n", fd, len, ev->buffer);

		nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
		
		nty_event_set(ev, fd, recv_cb, reactor);
		nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, ev);
		
	} else {

		close(ev->fd);

		nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, ev);
		printf("send[fd=%d] error %s\n", fd, strerror(errno));

	}

	return len;
}

int accept_cb(int fd, int events, void *arg) {

	struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)arg;
	if (reactor == NULL) return -1;

	struct sockaddr_in client_addr;
	socklen_t len = sizeof(client_addr);

	int clientfd;

	if ((clientfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&client_addr, &len)) == -1) {
		if (errno != EAGAIN && errno != EINTR) {
			
		}
		printf("accept: %s\n", strerror(errno));
		return -1;
	}

	int i = 0;
	do {
#if 0
		for (i = 0;i < MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS;i ++) {
			if (reactor->events[i].status == 0) {
				break;
			}
		}
		if (i == MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) {
			printf("%s: max connect limit[%d]\n", __func__, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS);
			break;
		}
#endif
		int flag = 0;
		if ((flag = fcntl(clientfd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK)) < 0) {
			printf("%s: fcntl nonblocking failed, %d\n", __func__, MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS);
			break;
		}

		nty_event_set(&reactor->events[clientfd], clientfd, recv_cb, reactor);
		nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, &reactor->events[clientfd]);

	} while (0);

	printf("new connect [%s:%d][time:%ld], pos[%d]\n", 
		inet_ntoa(client_addr.sin_addr), ntohs(client_addr.sin_port), reactor->events[i].last_active, i);

	return 0;

}

int init_sock(short port) {

	int fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, O_NONBLOCK);

	struct sockaddr_in server_addr;
	memset(&server_addr, 0, sizeof(server_addr));
	server_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	server_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = htonl(INADDR_ANY);
	server_addr.sin_port = htons(port);

	bind(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&server_addr, sizeof(server_addr));

	if (listen(fd, 20) < 0) {
		printf("listen failed : %s\n", strerror(errno));
	}

	printf("listen port : %d\n", port);

	return fd;
}


int ntyreactor_init(struct ntyreactor *reactor) {

	if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
	memset(reactor, 0, sizeof(struct ntyreactor));

	reactor->epfd = epoll_create(1);
	if (reactor->epfd <= 0) {
		printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
		return -2;
	}

	reactor->events = (struct ntyevent*)malloc((MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) * sizeof(struct ntyevent));
	if (reactor->events == NULL) {
		printf("create epfd in %s err %s\n", __func__, strerror(errno));
		close(reactor->epfd);
		return -3;
	}
}

int ntyreactor_destory(struct ntyreactor *reactor) {

	close(reactor->epfd);
	free(reactor->events);

}



int ntyreactor_addlistener(struct ntyreactor *reactor, int sockfd, NCALLBACK *acceptor) {

	if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
	if (reactor->events == NULL) return -1;

	nty_event_set(&reactor->events[sockfd], sockfd, acceptor, reactor);
	nty_event_add(reactor->epfd, EPOLLIN, &reactor->events[sockfd]);

	return 0;
}



int ntyreactor_run(struct ntyreactor *reactor) {
	if (reactor == NULL) return -1;
	if (reactor->epfd < 0) return -1;
	if (reactor->events == NULL) return -1;
	
	struct epoll_event events[MAX_EPOLL_ITEM];
	
	int checkpos = 0, i;

	while (1) {
#if 0
		long now = time(NULL);
		for (i = 0;i < 100;i ++, checkpos ++) {
			if (checkpos == MAX_EPOLL_EVENTS) {
				checkpos = 0;
			}

			if (reactor->events[checkpos].status != 1) {
				continue;
			}

			long duration = now - reactor->events[checkpos].last_active;

			if (duration >= 60) {
				close(reactor->events[checkpos].fd);
				printf("[fd=%d] timeout\n", reactor->events[checkpos].fd);
				nty_event_del(reactor->epfd, &reactor->events[checkpos]);
			}
		}
#endif

		int nready = epoll_wait(reactor->epfd, events, MAX_EPOLL_ITEM, 1000);
		if (nready < 0) {
			printf("epoll_wait error, exit\n");
			continue;
		}

		for (i = 0;i < nready;i ++) {

			struct ntyevent *ev = (struct ntyevent*)events[i].data.ptr;

			if ((events[i].events & EPOLLIN) && (ev->events & EPOLLIN)) {
				ev->callback(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
			}
			if ((events[i].events & EPOLLOUT) && (ev->events & EPOLLOUT)) {
				ev->callback(ev->fd, events[i].events, ev->arg);
			}
			
		}

	}
}

int main(int argc, char *argv[]) {

	unsigned short port = SERVER_PORT;
	if (argc == 2) {
		port = atoi(argv[1]);
	}
	struct ntyreactor *reactor = (struct ntyreactor*)malloc(sizeof(struct ntyreactor));
	ntyreactor_init(reactor);
	

	int listenfd[LISTEN_PORT_COUNT] = {0};
	int i = 0;

	for (i = 0;i < LISTEN_PORT_COUNT;i ++) {
		listenfd[i] = init_sock(port+i);
		ntyreactor_addlistener(reactor, listenfd[i], accept_cb);
	}
	
	ntyreactor_run(reactor);

	ntyreactor_destory(reactor);

	for (i = 0;i < LISTEN_PORT_COUNT;i ++) {
		close(listenfd[i]);
	}
	

	return 0;
}

客户端程序mul_port_client_epoll.c：

#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <stdlib.h>

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/epoll.h>
#include <errno.h>
#include <netinet/tcp.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netdb.h>
#include <fcntl.h>


#define MAX_BUFFER		128
#define MAX_EPOLLSIZE	(384*1024)
#define MAX_PORT		100

#define TIME_SUB_MS(tv1, tv2)  ((tv1.tv_sec - tv2.tv_sec) * 1000 + (tv1.tv_usec - tv2.tv_usec) / 1000)

int isContinue = 0;

static int ntySetNonblock(int fd) {
	int flags;

	flags = fcntl(fd, F_GETFL, 0);
	if (flags < 0) return flags;
	flags |= O_NONBLOCK;
	if (fcntl(fd, F_SETFL, flags) < 0) return -1;
	return 0;
}

static int ntySetReUseAddr(int fd) {
	int reuse = 1;
	return setsockopt(fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, (char *)&reuse, sizeof(reuse));
}



int main(int argc, char **argv) {
	if (argc <= 2) {
		printf("Usage: %s ip port\n", argv[0]);
		exit(0);
	}

	const char *ip = argv[1];
	int port = atoi(argv[2]);
	int connections = 0;
	char buffer[128] = {0};
	int i = 0, index = 0;

	struct epoll_event events[MAX_EPOLLSIZE];
	
	int epoll_fd = epoll_create(MAX_EPOLLSIZE);
	
	strcpy(buffer, " Data From MulClient\n");
		
	struct sockaddr_in addr;
	memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in));
	
	addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr(ip);

	struct timeval tv_begin;
	gettimeofday(&tv_begin, NULL);

	while (1) {
		if (++index >= MAX_PORT) index = 0;
		
		struct epoll_event ev;
		int sockfd = 0;

		if (connections < 500000 && !isContinue) {
			sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
			if (sockfd == -1) {
				perror("socket");
				goto err;
			}

			//ntySetReUseAddr(sockfd);
			addr.sin_port = htons(port+index);

			if (connect(sockfd, (struct sockaddr*)&addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr_in)) < 0) {
				perror("connect");
				goto err;
			}
			ntySetNonblock(sockfd);
			ntySetReUseAddr(sockfd);

			sprintf(buffer, "Hello Server: client --> %d\n", connections);
			send(sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);

			ev.data.fd = sockfd;
			ev.events = EPOLLIN | EPOLLOUT;
			epoll_ctl(epoll_fd, EPOLL_CTL_ADD, sockfd, &ev);
		
			connections ++;
		}
		//connections ++;
		if (connections % 1000 == 999 || connections >= 500000) {
			struct timeval tv_cur;
			memcpy(&tv_cur, &tv_begin, sizeof(struct timeval));
			
			gettimeofday(&tv_begin, NULL);

			int time_used = TIME_SUB_MS(tv_begin, tv_cur);
			printf("connections: %d, sockfd:%d, time_used:%d\n", connections, sockfd, time_used);

			int nfds = epoll_wait(epoll_fd, events, connections, 100);
			for (i = 0;i < nfds;i ++) {
				int clientfd = events[i].data.fd;

				if (events[i].events & EPOLLOUT) {
					sprintf(buffer, "data from %d\n", clientfd);
					send(sockfd, buffer, strlen(buffer), 0);
				} else if (events[i].events & EPOLLIN) {
					char rBuffer[MAX_BUFFER] = {0};				
					ssize_t length = recv(sockfd, rBuffer, MAX_BUFFER, 0);
					if (length > 0) {
						printf(" RecvBuffer:%s\n", rBuffer);

						if (!strcmp(rBuffer, "quit")) {
							isContinue = 0;
						}
						
					} else if (length == 0) {
						printf(" Disconnect clientfd:%d\n", clientfd);
						connections --;
						close(clientfd);
					} else {
						if (errno == EINTR) continue;

						printf(" Error clientfd:%d, errno:%d\n", clientfd, errno);
						close(clientfd);
					}
				} else {
					printf(" clientfd:%d, errno:%d\n", clientfd, errno);
					close(clientfd);
				}
			}
		}

		usleep(1 * 1000);
	}

	return 0;

err:
	printf("error : %s\n", strerror(errno));
	return 0;
	
}