python如何使用包里的类的方法_如何包装类的每个方法？

Michael Foord的Voidspace博客在一篇题为A Method Decorating Metaclass的文章中描述了一种优雅的方法，该文章介绍了什么是元类以及如何使用它们。将其稍微简化并应用到您的情况中，结果是：from types import FunctionType

from functools import wraps

def wrapper(method):

@wraps(method)

def wrapped(*args, **kwrds):

# ...

return wrapped

class MetaClass(type):

def __new__(meta, classname, bases, classDict):

newClassDict = {}

for attributeName, attribute in classDict.items():

if isinstance(attribute, FunctionType):

# replace it with a wrapped version

attribute = wrapper(attribute)

newClassDict[attributeName] = attribute

return type.__new__(meta, classname, bases, newClassDict)

class MyClass(object):

__metaclass__ = MetaClass # wrap all the methods

def method1(self, ...):

# ...etc ...

在Python中，函数/方法装饰器只是函数包装器加上一些语法糖，使使用它们更容易(而且更漂亮)。

Python 3兼容性更新

前面的代码使用了Python2.x元类语法，为了在Python3.x中使用，需要对其进行翻译，但是在前面的版本中它将不再工作。这意味着它需要使用：class MyBase(metaclass=MetaClass)

...

而不是：class MyBase(object):

__metaclass__ = MetaClass"

...

如果需要，可以编写同时兼容Python2.x和3.x的代码，但这样做需要使用稍微复杂一点的技术，动态创建继承所需元类的新基类，从而避免由于Python的两个版本之间的语法差异而导致的错误。这基本上就是Benjamin Peterson的six模块的^{}函数所做的。from types import FunctionType

from functools import wraps

def wrapper(method):

@wraps(method)

def wrapped(*args, **kwrds):

print('{!r} executing'.format(method.__name__))

return method(*args, **kwrds)

return wrapped

class MetaClass(type):

def __new__(meta, classname, bases, classDict):

newClassDict = {}

for attributeName, attribute in classDict.items():

if isinstance(attribute, FunctionType):

# replace it with a wrapped version

attribute = wrapper(attribute)

newClassDict[attributeName] = attribute

return type.__new__(meta, classname, bases, newClassDict)

def with_metaclass(meta):

""" Create an empty class with the supplied bases and metaclass. """

return type.__new__(meta, "TempBaseClass", (object,), {})

if __name__ == '__main__':

# Inherit metaclass from a dynamically-created base class.

class MyClass(with_metaclass(MetaClass)):

@staticmethod

def a_static_method():

pass

@classmethod

def a_class_method(cls):

pass

def a_method(self):

pass

instance = MyClass()

instance.a_static_method() # Not decorated.

instance.a_class_method() # Not decorated.

instance.a_method() # -> 'a_method' executing