2021-06-30

Node.js回调函数

Node.js异步编程的直接体现就是回调,这样在执行代码时就没有阻塞,大大提高Node.js的性能,可处理大量并发请求.

实例:读取文件
创建一个input.txt文件,内容如下:
Hello world!

  • 阻塞代码
    创建main.js文件,代码如下:
var fs=require("fs");
var data=fs.readFileSync('input.txt');
console.log(data.toString());
console.log("程序执行结束!");

$node main.js
程序执行结束!
Hello world!
  • 非阻塞代码
    main.js文件代码如下:
var fs=require("fs");
fs.readFile('input.txt',function(err,data){
if(err)return console.log(err);
console.log(data.toString());
});
console.log("程序执行结束!");
$node main.js
Hello world!
程序执行结束!

阻塞是按顺序执行的,而非阻塞是不需要按顺序的,如果需要处理回调函数的参数,我们就需要写在回调函数内.

以下是一个更复杂的 SQL 查询语句,它使用了多个子查询和窗口函数: WITH -- 定义一个子查询,获取销售额排名前10的产品 top_products AS ( SELECT product_id, SUM(sales) AS total_sales FROM orders WHERE order_date BETWEEN '2021-01-01' AND '2021-06-30' GROUP BY product_id ORDER BY total_sales DESC LIMIT 10 ), -- 定义一个子查询,获取销售额排名前10的客户 top_customers AS ( SELECT customer_id, SUM(sales) AS total_sales FROM orders WHERE order_date BETWEEN '2021-01-01' AND '2021-06-30' GROUP BY customer_id ORDER BY total_sales DESC LIMIT 10 ), -- 定义一个窗口函数,计算每个客户的销售额排名 customer_sales_rank AS ( SELECT customer_id, SUM(sales) AS total_sales, ROW_NUMBER() OVER (ORDER BY SUM(sales) DESC) AS sales_rank FROM orders WHERE order_date BETWEEN '2021-01-01' AND '2021-06-30' GROUP BY customer_id ) -- 最终查询,获取纽约市销售额排名前10的客户,以及他们购买的销售额排名前10的产品 SELECT customers.id AS customer_id, customers.name AS customer_name, products.id AS product_id, products.name AS product_name, SUM(orders.sales) AS total_sales FROM orders -- 连接顾客信息 INNER JOIN customers ON orders.customer_id = customers.id -- 连接产品信息 INNER JOIN products ON orders.product_id = products.id -- 仅查询纽约市的客户 WHERE customers.city = 'New York' -- 仅查询销售额排名前10的客户 AND customers.id IN (SELECT customer_id FROM top_customers) -- 仅查询销售额排名前10的产品 AND products.id IN (SELECT product_id FROM top_products) -- 仅查询客户销售额排名前10的订单 AND customers.id IN (SELECT customer_id FROM customer_sales_rank WHERE sales_rank <= 10) GROUP BY customers.id, customers.name, products.id, products.name ORDER BY customers.id, total_sales DESC, products.id;
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