面向对象的绑定方法以及隐藏属性

面向对象绑定方法和非绑定方法

绑定给对象的方法

class Student:
  def __init__(self,name,age,gender):
    self.name = name
    self.age = age
    self.gender = gender
    
   def tell_info(self):
    print('name:%s, age:%s, gender:%s' % (self.name, self.age, self.gender))
    
stu = Stedent('junjie', 18, 'male')
# 调用方法
stu.tell_info() # 就是 stu.tell_info(stu) 
# 输出:name:junjie, age:18, gender:male

绑定给类的方法

class Student:
    def __init__(self,name, age):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
    @classmethod # 该方法绑定给了类,以后由类来调用Student.from_cong()
    def from_cong(cls): # 会自动将类名当做第一个参数传进来
        # cls = Student
        # obj = Student(settings.NAME, settings.AGE)
        obj = cls(settings.NAME, settings.AGE)
        return obj


import settings # 创造一个配置文件
obj = Student(settings.NAME, settings.AGE)
# print(obj.name)
# print(obj.age)
# obj1 = obj.from_cong()
# print(obj1.name)

obj1 = Student.from_cong()
print(obj1.name)

非绑定方法

class Student():
    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender
        self.id = self.create_id()

    @staticmethod  # 静态方法，不管是类来调用，还是对象来调用，都不会自动传递参数
    def create_id():
        import uuid
        return uuid.uuid4()

s1 = Student('junjie', 18, 'male')
print(s1.__dict__)
# 输出{'name': 'junjie', 'age': 18, 'gender': 'male', 'id': UUID('12d9c400-61f4-42c6-8a74-fd8cb27c274a')}
Student.create_id()

隐藏属性

class Student():
    __school = 'SH' # __类名__属性名 =》 _Student__school 使用__dict__查看
    def __init__(self, name, age, gender):
        self.name = name
        self.age = age
        self.gender = gender
        # self.id = self.create_id()

    # @staticmethod  # 静态方法，不管是类来调用，还是对象来调用，都不会自动传递参数
    def tell_info(self):
        # if type(v) is not str:
        #     return
        # self.__school = v
        print('学校:%s, name:%s, age:%s, 性别:%s' % (self.__school, self.name, self.age, self.gender))

    def get_school(self):
        return self.__school

    def set_school(self, v):
        if type(v) is not str:
            return
        self.__school = v
s1 = Student('junjie', 18, 'male')

# print(s1.__dict__)
# print(s1.gender)
# print(s1.__dict__)
# s1.tell_info()
s1.set_school('haha')
s1.tell_info() # 学校:haha, name:junjie, age:18, 性别:male
# s1.tell_info('kkk')
# s1.tell_info()

property装饰器

class Student():
    __school = 'SH'  # _Student__school  => _类名__属性名

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.__name = name
        self.age = age

    def __tell_info(self):  # _Student__tell_info  => _类名__函数名
        print('name: %s, age: %s' % (self.__name, self.age))

    @property  # 把方法伪装成属性
    def name(self):
        return "name:%s" % self.__name

    @name.setter
    def name(self, v):
        if type(v) is not str:
            print('数据类型不合法')
        # if isinstance(v, str):
            return
        self.__name = v

    @name.deleter
    def name(self):
        print('不让删')

stu = Student('ly', 18)
print(stu.get_name())

stu.name = 123
print(stu.name)

del stu.name


# 练习
class Bmi():
    def __init__(self, height, weight):
        self.height = height
        self.weight = weight

    @property
    def get_bmi(self):
        return self.weight / (self.height ** 2)

bmi = Bmi(1.8, 70)
print(bmi.get_bmi)


# 了解

class Student():
    __school = 'SH'  # _Student__school  => _类名__属性名

    def __init__(self, name, age):
        self.__name = name
        self.age = age

    def __tell_info(self):  # _Student__tell_info  => _类名__函数名
        print('name: %s, age: %s' % (self.__name, self.age))

    def get_name(self):
        return "name:%s" % self.__name

    def set_name(self, v):
        if type(v) is not str:
            print('数据类型不合法')
            # if isinstance(v, str):
            return
        self.__name = v

    def del_name(self):
        print('不让删')
    
    # 了解
    name = property(get_name, set_name, del_name)


stu = Student('ly', 18)
# print(stu.xxx)

stu.name = 'aaa'
print(stu.name)