dataframe apply、map、expand的神奇用法

map() is for Series (i.e. single columns) and operates on one cell at a time,
apply() is for DataFrame, and operates on a whole row at a time.

pdd=pd.DataFrame([[4,9],]*3, columns=['A','B'])

pdd
Out[8]: 
   A  B
0  4  9
1  4  9
2  4  9

>>> df.apply(np.sum, axis=0)# 逐行相加，即求**列和**
A    12
B    27
dtype: int64

>>> df.apply(np.sum, axis=1)
0    13
1    13
2    13
dtype: int64

pdd
Out[8]: 
   A  B
0  4  9
1  4  9
2  4  9

pdd.apply(lambda x:[1,2], axis=0) #axis=0表示逐行进行
Out[9]: 
A    [1, 2]
B    [1, 2]
dtype: object

pdd.apply(lambda x:[1,2],axis=1)#axis=1表示逐列进行
Out[10]: 
0    [1, 2]
1    [1, 2]
2    [1, 2]
dtype: object

**Passing result_type=’expand’ will expand list-like results to columns of a Dataframe**
pdd.apply(lambda x:[1,2],axis=1,result_type='expand')  #axis=1表示逐列进行
Out[12]: 
   0  1
0  1  2
1  1  2
2  1  2