面试题12：矩阵中的路径

题目：
判断一个矩阵中是否存在一条 包含某字符串所有字符的 路径。

路径可以从矩阵中任意一格开始，每一步可以向上下左右移动一格；
如果一条路径经过了矩阵的某一格，那么该路径不能再次进入该格子。

例如：

a b t g
c f c s
j d e h

包含字符串“bfce”，不包含“abfb”。

//#include<bits/stdc++.h>

#include<iostream>
#include<vector>
#include<string>
//#include<map>
//#include<algorithm>
using namespace std;

bool hasPathCore(const char* matrix, int rows, int cols, int row, int col, 
                    const char* str,int &pathLength,bool* visited)
{
    if (str[pathLength]=='\0')
    {
        return true;
    }
    bool hasPath = false;
    if (row<rows&&row>=0&&col<cols&&col>=0
        &&matrix[row*cols+col]==str[pathLength]
        &&!visited[row * cols + col])
    {
        ++pathLength;
        visited[row * cols + col] = true;

        hasPath= hasPathCore(matrix, rows, cols, row, col-1, str, pathLength, visited)
                || hasPathCore(matrix, rows, cols, row-1, col, str, pathLength, visited)
                || hasPathCore(matrix, rows, cols, row+1, col, str, pathLength, visited)
                || hasPathCore(matrix, rows, cols, row, col + 1, str, pathLength, visited);

        if (!hasPath)
        {
            --pathLength;
            visited[row * cols + col] = false;
        }
    }

    return hasPath;
}

bool hasPath(const char *matrix, int rows, int cols,const char* str)
{
    bool* visited = new bool[rows * cols];
    memset(visited, 0, rows * cols);

    int pathLength = 0;
    for (size_t row = 0; row < rows; row++)
    {
        
        for (size_t col = 0; col < cols; col++)
        {

            if (hasPathCore(matrix, rows, cols, row,col, str,pathLength,visited))
            {
                return true;
            }
        }
    }


    delete[]visited;

    return false;
}


int main()
{
    /*const char* matrix = "ABTGCFCSJDEH";
    const char* str = "BFCE";*/
    const char* matrix = "ABTGCFCSJDEH";
    const char* str = "ABFB";

    cout << hasPath(matrix, 3, 4, str) << endl;

    return 0;
}

测试用例：

// ====================测试代码====================
void Test(const char* testName, const char* matrix, int rows, int cols, const char* str, bool expected)
{
    if(testName != nullptr)
        printf("%s begins: ", testName);

    if(hasPath(matrix, rows, cols, str) == expected)
        printf("Passed.\n");
    else
        printf("FAILED.\n");
}

//ABTG
//CFCS
//JDEH

//BFCE
void Test1()
{
    const char* matrix = "ABTGCFCSJDEH";
    const char* str = "BFCE";

    Test("Test1", (const char*) matrix, 3, 4, str, true);
}

//ABCE
//SFCS
//ADEE

//SEE
void Test2()
{
    const char* matrix = "ABCESFCSADEE";
    const char* str = "SEE";

    Test("Test2", (const char*) matrix, 3, 4, str, true);
}

//ABTG
//CFCS
//JDEH

//ABFB
void Test3()
{
    const char* matrix = "ABTGCFCSJDEH";
    const char* str = "ABFB";

    Test("Test3", (const char*) matrix, 3, 4, str, false);
}

//ABCEHJIG
//SFCSLOPQ
//ADEEMNOE
//ADIDEJFM
//VCEIFGGS

//SLHECCEIDEJFGGFIE
void Test4()
{
    const char* matrix = "ABCEHJIGSFCSLOPQADEEMNOEADIDEJFMVCEIFGGS";
    const char* str = "SLHECCEIDEJFGGFIE";

    Test("Test4", (const char*) matrix, 5, 8, str, true);
}

//ABCEHJIG
//SFCSLOPQ
//ADEEMNOE
//ADIDEJFM
//VCEIFGGS

//SGGFIECVAASABCEHJIGQEM
void Test5()
{
    const char* matrix = "ABCEHJIGSFCSLOPQADEEMNOEADIDEJFMVCEIFGGS";
    const char* str = "SGGFIECVAASABCEHJIGQEM";

    Test("Test5", (const char*) matrix, 5, 8, str, true);
}

//ABCEHJIG
//SFCSLOPQ
//ADEEMNOE
//ADIDEJFM
//VCEIFGGS

//SGGFIECVAASABCEEJIGOEM
void Test6()
{
    const char* matrix = "ABCEHJIGSFCSLOPQADEEMNOEADIDEJFMVCEIFGGS";
    const char* str = "SGGFIECVAASABCEEJIGOEM";

    Test("Test6", (const char*) matrix, 5, 8, str, false);
}

//ABCEHJIG
//SFCSLOPQ
//ADEEMNOE
//ADIDEJFM
//VCEIFGGS

//SGGFIECVAASABCEHJIGQEMS
void Test7()
{
    const char* matrix = "ABCEHJIGSFCSLOPQADEEMNOEADIDEJFMVCEIFGGS";
    const char* str = "SGGFIECVAASABCEHJIGQEMS";

    Test("Test7", (const char*) matrix, 5, 8, str, false);
}

//AAAA
//AAAA
//AAAA

//AAAAAAAAAAAA
void Test8()
{
    const char* matrix = "AAAAAAAAAAAA";
    const char* str = "AAAAAAAAAAAA";

    Test("Test8", (const char*) matrix, 3, 4, str, true);
}

//AAAA
//AAAA
//AAAA

//AAAAAAAAAAAAA
void Test9()
{
    const char* matrix = "AAAAAAAAAAAA";
    const char* str = "AAAAAAAAAAAAA";

    Test("Test9", (const char*) matrix, 3, 4, str, false);
}

//A

//A
void Test10()
{
    const char* matrix = "A";
    const char* str = "A";

    Test("Test10", (const char*) matrix, 1, 1, str, true);
}

//A

//B
void Test11()
{
    const char* matrix = "A";
    const char* str = "B";

    Test("Test11", (const char*) matrix, 1, 1, str, false);
}

void Test12()
{
    Test("Test12", nullptr, 0, 0, nullptr, false);
}