前言
常用注解：
@Component，用于把当前类对象存入spring容器；
@AutoWired，自动按照类型注入数据，会根据容器中的key和变量名称进行匹配；
@Qualifier，在@AutoWired的基础上，再按照指定名称注入，给类成员注入时不可单独使用，给方法注入参数时，才可以单独使用；
@Value：用于注入基本类型和String类型;
@Scop：指定bean的作用范围；
@Configuration：指定当前类是一个配置类；
@ComponentScan：指定spring在创建容器时要扫面的包；
@Bean：把当前方法的返回值当作bean对象存入容器；
@Import：导入其他配置类；
@PropertySource：用于指定properties文件的位置，之后配置类中的成员变量就可以引用文件中的值。
提示：以下是本篇文章正文内容，下面案例可供参考
环境说明
1、pom文件的依赖
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId>
<artifactId>lombok</artifactId>
<version>1.18.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-context</artifactId>
<version>5.3.7</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>mysql</groupId>
<artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
<version>5.1.6</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>c3p0</groupId>
<artifactId>c3p0</artifactId>
<version>0.9.1.2</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>commons-dbutils</groupId>
<artifactId>commons-dbutils</artifactId>
<version>1.4</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
2、spring的xml文件的配置
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
</beans>
一、借助xml文件实现的注解
1、Dao层的实现类：添加的两个注解@Component @Autowired，届时spring在获取到xml配置文件后，会根据配置文件内的信息读取到对应的类以此创建对象和注入数据
package com.mediacomm.dao;
@Component(value = "userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
@Autowired
private QueryRunner queryRunner ;
public List<User> findAll() throws SQLException {
return queryRunner.query("select * from user",new BeanListHandler<User>(User.class));
}
public User findUserById(User user) throws SQLException{
return queryRunner.query("select * from user where id = ?",new BeanHandler<User>(User.class),user.getId());
}
}
2、修改xml配置文件，由于需要注入一个QueryRunner对象，而QueryRunner对象创建的时候传入DataSource连接池对象，因此配置如下
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd">
<!--创建连接池对象-->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="com.mysql.jdbc.Driver"></property>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17"></property>
<property name="user" value="root"></property>
<property name="password" value="123456"></property>
</bean>
<!--创建QueryRunner对象-->
<bean id="queryRunner" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" scope="prototype">
<constructor-arg name="ds" ref="dataSource"></constructor-arg>
</bean>
<!--让spring知道去读取那个包下的类文件的注解-->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.mediacomm.dao"></context:component-scan>
3、同样的方法配置完service层的UserServiceImpl的类，进行测试
（1）创建IoC核心容器对象
（2）根据id查找容器中的对象
public class SpringByXMLTest {
private ApplicationContext context;
private UserDao userDao;
private UserService service;
@Before
public void init(){
context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Spring.xml");
//context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
userDao = context.getBean("userDao",UserDao.class);
service = context.getBean("userService",UserService.class);
}
@Test
public void test01(){
List<User> users = service.findAll();
for (User user:users) {
System .out.println(user);
}
}
七月 20, 2021 6:56:25 下午 com.mchange.v2.log.MLog <clinit>
信息: MLog clients using java 1.4+ standard logging.
七月 20, 2021 6:56:26 下午 com.mchange.v2.c3p0.C3P0Registry banner
信息: Initializing c3p0-0.9.1.2 [built 21-May-2007 15:04:56; debug? true; trace: 10]
七月 20, 2021 6:56:26 下午 com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.AbstractPoolBackedDataSource getPoolManager
信息: Initializing c3p0 pool... com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource [ acquireIncrement -> 3, acquireRetryAttempts -> 30, acquireRetryDelay -> 1000, autoCommitOnClose -> false, automaticTestTable -> null, breakAfterAcquireFailure -> false, checkoutTimeout -> 0, connectionCustomizerClassName -> null, connectionTesterClassName -> com.mchange.v2.c3p0.impl.DefaultConnectionTester, dataSourceName -> 1hge2xaai1i9e3nwqcb2vr|7b9a4292, debugUnreturnedConnectionStackTraces -> false, description -> null, driverClass -> com.mysql.jdbc.Driver, factoryClassLocation -> null, forceIgnoreUnresolvedTransactions -> false, identityToken -> 1hge2xaai1i9e3nwqcb2vr|7b9a4292, idleConnectionTestPeriod -> 0, initialPoolSize -> 3, jdbcUrl -> jdbc:mysql://192.168.0.143:3306/day17, maxAdministrativeTaskTime -> 0, maxConnectionAge -> 0, maxIdleTime -> 0, maxIdleTimeExcessConnections -> 0, maxPoolSize -> 15, maxStatements -> 0, maxStatementsPerConnection -> 0, minPoolSize -> 3, numHelperThreads -> 3, numThreadsAwaitingCheckoutDefaultUser -> 0, preferredTestQuery -> null, properties -> {user=******, password=******}, propertyCycle -> 0, testConnectionOnCheckin -> false, testConnectionOnCheckout -> false, unreturnedConnectionTimeout -> 0, usesTraditionalReflectiveProxies -> false ]
User(username=admin, password=admin, address=新西兰, id=1)
User(username=ffff, password=123456, address=水星, id=2)
User(username=改改, password=321, address=成交价.., id=4)
说明一下@Qualifier的用法：
如果xml文件中配置的QueryRunner对象的id跟UserDaoImpl类中自动注入的成员变量名不相同，那个这个时候可以在上面加上@Qualifier(“xxx”)来指定对应IoC容器中对象的id。
@Component(value = "userDao")
public class UserDaoImpl implements UserDao{
@Autowired
@Qualifier("query1")
private QueryRunner queryRunner ;
<!--创建QueryRunner对象-->
<bean id="query1" class="org.apache.commons.dbutils.QueryRunner" scope="prototype">
二、借助类文件实现的注解
1、新建类文件SpringConfig.java
@Configuration指明这是一个配置类，@ComponentScan({“com.mediacomm”})让spring届时扫面指定包下的类来读取注解，@PropertySource(“classpath:jdbcProperties.properties”)指定读入Properties文件的位置
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.mediacomm"})
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbcProperties.properties")
public class SpringConfiguration {
}
2、新建jdbcProperties.properties文件
JDBC_Driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
JDBC_Url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/day17
JDBC_User=root
JDBC_Password=123456
3、修改SpringConfig.java
@Value获取properties文件中的值，@Bean(“dataSource”)创建对象并指定id，@Scope(“prototype”)指定对象作用范围为多例，被@Bean标识后的方法，如果需要传入参数，spring会根据参数的变量名去容器中查找有没有可用的bean对象。
@Configuration
@ComponentScan({"com.mediacomm"})
@PropertySource("classpath:jdbcProperties.properties")
public class SpringConfiguration {
@Value("${JDBC_Driver}")
private String driver;
@Value("${JDBC_Url}")
private String url;
@Value("${JDBC_User}")
private String user;
@Value("${JDBC_Password}")
private String password;
@Bean("queryRunner")
@Scope("prototype")
public QueryRunner createQueryRunner(DataSource dataSource){
return new QueryRunner(dataSource);
}
@Bean("dataSource")
public DataSource createDataSource() throws PropertyVetoException {
ComboPooledDataSource dataSource = new ComboPooledDataSource();
dataSource.setDriverClass(driver);
dataSource.setJdbcUrl(url);
dataSource.setUser(user);
dataSource.setPassword(password);
return dataSource;
}
}
4、进行测试
这里创建IoC容器对象的方式是new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class)。
public class SpringByXMLTest {
private ApplicationContext context;
private UserDao userDao;
private UserService service;
@Before
public void init(){
//context = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("Spring.xml");
context = new AnnotationConfigApplicationContext(SpringConfiguration.class);
userDao = context.getBean("userDao",UserDao.class);
service = context.getBean("userService",UserService.class);
}
@Test
public void test01(){
List<User> users = service.findAll();
for (User user:users) {
System .out.println(user);
}
}
@Import标签是当你有多个类配置文件时，用于导入其他配置类，在引入其他配置类时，可以不用再写@Configuration 注解。
总结
总的来说，个人偏向于使用第一种方式，可以通过xml文件更加清晰的呈现，方便以后的修改和阅读。
402
被折叠的 条评论
为什么被折叠?
到【灌水乐园】发言
