python的时间模块

参考

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判断是否是闰年:calendar模块

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1、calendar模块isleap(年份)函数

import calendar
print(calendar.isleap(2022))

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2、闰年规律

闰年：400整数倍，或4的整数倍但不是100的整数倍

if year % 400 == 0 or (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0):

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datetime模块

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datetime类

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1、定义：

class datetime.datetime(year, month, day, hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0, tzinfo=None)

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2、自己构造日期时间datetime对象：

• 必须含有的参数：year，month，day
• 创造datetime库里datetime类的对象obj1:datetime_obj = datetime.datetime(2022,3,13,23,50,10, 1000)

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3、获得当前日期时间

datetime_obj.now()
>datetime.datetime(2022, 3, 14, 0, 35, 25, 445048)

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4、分别获得datetime_obj的年月日时分秒

print(datetime_obj.year, datetime_obj.month, datetime_obj.day, datetime_obj.hour, datetime_obj.minute, datetime_obj.second, datetime_obj.microsecond)
2022 3 13 23 50 10 1000

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5、格式化输出日期时间

datetime_obj.isoformat()
'2022-03-13T23:50:10.001000'
datetime_obj.strftime('%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S.%f')
'2022-03-13 23:50:10.001000'

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datetime类的timetuple()方法：返回time.struct_time

属性值的获取方式有两种：

• 可以把它当做一种特殊的有序不可变序列通过 下标/索引 获取各个元素的值，如t[0]
• 也可以通过 .属性名 的方式来获取各个元素的值，如t.tm_year。

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当前datetime是一年中的第几天：struct_time1.tm_yday

datetime_obj = datetime_obj.now()
struct_time1 = datetime_obj.timetuple()
struct_time1
>time.struct_time(tm_year=2022, tm_mon=3, tm_mday=14, tm_hour=0, tm_min=43, tm_sec=7, tm_wday=0, tm_yday=73, tm_isdst=-1)

struct_time1.tm_yday
>73

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某日期是星期几

now = datetime.datetime.now()
# 1、范围为[1,7]
now.isoweekday()---->1
# 2、范围为[0,6]
now.weekday() ---->0
# 2、范围为[0,6]
now.timetuple().tm_wday  ----->0

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timedelta类：对两datetime求差值

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1、定义

class datetime.timedelta(days=0, seconds=0, microseconds=0, milliseconds=0, hours=0, weeks=0)

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2、两datetime_obj相减，得到timedelta对象

datetime_obj1 = datetime.datetime(2022,3,12,23,50,10, 1000)
datetime_obj2 = datetime.datetime(2021,3,11,23,50,8, 1000)
timedelta_obj = (datetime_obj1 - datetime_obj2)

timedelta_obj
> datetime.timedelta(days=366, seconds=2)

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3、timedelta对象得到天/秒数差

• 返回真正的天数差:timedelta_obj.days
• 返回对应时分秒的秒数差，不算天数： timedelta_obj.seconds
• 返回真正秒数差：timedelta_obj.total_seconds()

timedelta_obj
> datetime.timedelta(days=366, seconds=2)
timedelta_obj.total_seconds()
>31622402.0

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timedelta类：对初始datetime加减

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可同时改变多个属性，只能改变：

• days：天数; weeks：周数; seconds：秒数

datetime_obj = datetime.datetime(2022,1,1,12,50,10,1000)

datetime_obj + datetime.timedelta(days = 1)
>datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 2, 12, 50, 10, 1000)

datetime_obj + datetime.timedelta(weeks = 1)
>datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 8, 12, 50, 10, 1000)

datetime_obj + datetime.timedelta(seconds = 1)
>datetime.datetime(2022, 1, 1, 12, 50, 11, 1000)

datetime_obj + datetime.timedelta(days=-1, seconds = -1)
>datetime.datetime(2021, 12, 31, 12, 50, 9, 1000)

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应用

1、判断今天是今年的第几天

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1.1、不使用模块

def func1():
    date = time.localtime();
    year, month, day = date[:3]
    month_days = [31, 28, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31, 31, 30, 31, 30, 31]
    # 闰年：400整数倍，或4的整数倍但不是100的整数倍
    if year % 400 == 0 or (year % 4 == 0 and year % 100 != 0):
        month_days[1] = 29
    today_days_sum = sum(month_days[:month-1] , day) # sum([]) = 0单，独考虑1月都无所谓
    return today_days_sum

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1.2 使用模块

now = datetime.datetime.now()
now.timetuple().tm_yday
>73

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2、某year的第n个周五是几月几号

• 知道第1个周五是几月几号
• 用起始周五日期，减去week-1周