opencv图像处理

opencv图像处理（Image Processing)

图像变化（image transformations)
1. 移动（translation)

M = np.float32([[1,0,25],[0,1,50]])
shifted = cv2.warpAffine(image,M,(image.shape[1],image.shape[0]))
cv2.imshow("shifted down and right",shifted)

首先定义移动矩阵 M，表示移动（left,right,up,down) 多少像素
矩阵M是浮点型的数组
[1, 0, x]：x表示左右移动多少像素，
x值为正——像右移动，x值为负——向左移动
[0, 1, y]：y表示上下移动多少像素
y值为正——向下移动，y值为负——向上移动

利用 cv2.warpAffine() 进行变换

完整代码

import numpy as np 
import argparse
import cv2

ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-i","--image",required = True,
	help = "path to the image")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())

image = cv2.imread(args["image"])
cv2.imshow("original",image)

M = np.float32([[1,0,25],[0,1,50]])
shifted = cv2.warpAffine(image,M,(image.shape[1],image.shape[0]))
cv2.imshow("shifted down and right",shifted)
cv2.waitKey(0)

运行

python3 translation.py -i /路径/xxx.jpg

2. 旋转（rotation)

(h,w) = image.shape[:2]
center = (w // 2, h // 2)

M = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(center,45,1.0)
rotated = cv2.warpAffine(image,M,(w,h))
cv2.imshow("rotated by 45 degree",rotated)

首先确定中心位置center
定义矩阵M：利用cv2.getRotationMatrix2D而不是利用numpy，
cv2.getRotationMatrix2()中的参数分别为旋转的固定点、旋转角度、1.0代表大小不变（当然你也可以改变）
接下来继续利用cv2.warpAffine()进行变换

完整代码

import numpy as np 
import argparse
import cv2

ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-i","--image",required = True,
	help = "Path to the image")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())

image = cv2.imread(args["image"])
cv2.imshow("original",image)

(h,w) = image.shape[:2]
center = (w // 2, h // 2)

M = cv2.getRotationMatrix2D(center,45,1.0)
rotated = cv2.warpAffine(image,M,(w,h))
cv2.imshow("rotated by 45 degree",rotated)
cv2.waitKey(0)

3. 改变大小（resizing)

r = 150.0 / image.shape[1]
dim = (150,int(image.shape[0]*r))

resized = cv2.resize(image,dim,interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA)
cv2.imshow("REsized(Witdth)",resized)

假设定义新的图像的宽度（width）150像素，利用比例关系确定高度（height）
利用cv2.resize()变换，最后一个参数为变换的算法（当然还有其他的可以利用，比如cv2.INTER_LINEAR,cv2.INTER_CUBIC, cv2.INTER_NEAREST.)

r = 150.0 / image.shape[0]
dim = (int(image.shape[1]*r)，50)

resized = cv2.resize(image,dim,interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA)
cv2.imshow("REsized(Witdth)",resized)

定义高度进行变换

完整代码

import numpy as np 
import cv2
import argparse

ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-i","--image",required = True,
	help = "Path to the image")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())

image = cv2.imread(args["image"])
cv2.imshow("Original",image)

r = 150.0 / image.shape[1]
dim = (150,int(image.shape[0]*r))

resized = cv2.resize(image,dim,interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA)
cv2.imshow("REsized(Witdth)",resized)

r = 150.0 / image.shape[0]
dim = (int(image.shape[1]*r)，50)

resized = cv2.resize(image,dim,interpolation = cv2.INTER_AREA)
cv2.imshow("REsized(Witdth)",resized)
cv2.waitKey(0)

4.翻转（flipping）

image = cv2.imread(args["image"])
cv2.imshow("Original",image)

flipped = cv2.flip(image,1)
cv2.imshow("flipped horizontally",flipped)

flipped = cv2.flip(image,0)
cv2.imshow("flipped vertiacally",flipped)

flipped = cv2.flip(image,-1)
cv2.imshow("flipped horizontally & vertiacally",flipped)

利用cv2.flip()即可

5. 剪裁（cropping）

cropped = image[30:120 ,240:335]
cv2.imshow("crop",cropped)

前一个参数为高度，后一个为宽度

完整代码

import numpy as np 
import argparse
import cv2

ap = argparse.ArgumentParser()
ap.add_argument("-i","--image",required = True,
	help = "Path to the image")
args = vars(ap.parse_args())

image = cv2.imread(args["image"])
cv2.imshow("Original",image)

cropped = image[30:120 ,240:335]
cv2.imshow("crop",cropped)
cv2.waitKey(0)