【源码】层次分析法：一种组织和分析复杂多目标决策的技术

层次分析法（AHP）是由Thomas L. Saaty在20世纪70年代发展起来的一种简单技术，用于组织和分析复杂的多目标决策。

Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) is a simple technique, developed by Thomas L. Saaty in the 1970s, for organizing and analyzing complex multi-objective decisions.

它结合了定量和定性的分析要素，在群体决策中有着特殊的应用。

It combines both quantitative and qualitative analysis elements and it has particular application in group decision making.

该技术的原理是将问题分解成一个层次结构，每个层次结构中的子问题都可以独立地进行分析。

The philosophy of the technique is to decompose problem into a hierarchy of more easily understood sub-problems, each of which can be analyzed independently.

一旦建立了层次结构，决策者就系统地评估各个要素，每次将它们与另两个要素进行比较，以了解它们对层次结构中高于它们的要素的影响。

Once the hierarchy is built, the decision makers systematically evaluate its various elements by comparing them to one another two at a time, with respect to their impact on an element above them in the hierarchy.

AHP将这些评估转换为数值，可以在整个问题范围内进行处理和比较。

The AHP converts these evaluations to numerical values that can be processed and compared over the entire range of the problem.

为层次结构中的每个元素推导出一个数值权重，允许以合理和一致的方式将不同的且通常不可通约的元素相互比较。

A numerical weight is derived for each element of the hierarchy, allowing diverse and often incommensurable elements to be compared to one another in a rational and consistent way.

在该过程的最后一步，计算每个决策方案的数值权重。

In the final step of the process, numerical weights are calculated for each of the decision alternatives.

这些权重代表了备选方案实现目标的相对能力。

These weights represent the alternatives’ relative ability to achieve the goal.

该函数有助于实现以下功能：

The function facilitates the following:

•简单的AHP实现

• Simple AHP implementation

•多决策者选项

• Multiple decision makers option

•模拟：模糊层次分析法的蒙特卡罗模拟基础扩展。后者是简单层次分析法的一个特殊版本，适用于模糊环境，在模糊环境中，决策标准和方案的相对重要性在相当程度上是不确定的

• Simulation: An Monte-Carlo simulation-base extension of the Fuzzy AHP. The later is a special version of the simple AHP, which finds application in fuzzy environments, where the relative importance of the decision criteria and the alternatives is uncertain to a fair degree

•网络分析法：AHP的推广，其中包含决策标准和方案之间的依赖关系和反馈。

• Analytic Network Process: The generalization of the AHP, which incorporates dependences and feedbacks between decision criteria and options.

•优化：在资源分配问题的情况下，该函数估计受资源约束的备选方案的最佳可行组合。

• Optimization: In case of a resource allocation problem, the function estimates the optimal feasible combination of alternatives subject to the resources constraints.

•预测组合：如果这是一个预测组合问题，该函数使用组合权重和单个预测作为输入，生成加权平均预测。

• Prediction combination: In case this is a forecasting combination problem, the function generates a weighted averaged forecast, using the combination weights and the individual forecasts as inputs.

•上述各项的组合

• Combination of all the above

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