pybind11 embedded in C++: C++内使用pybind11功能

C++内使用pybind11嵌入功能

C++源码内可以使用pybind11嵌入方式提供的功能：构建Python解释器，执行Python命令、脚本，构造pybind11嵌入模块，加载调用Python模块等。源码来源于pybind11使用手册。

借用此方式，可以在C++代码中使用Python特色模块。同时需要考虑安全问题，防止一些恶意代码注入。

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示例源码（embed.cpp)

#include<pybind11/embed.h>
#include<iostream>
#include<string>
#include<cassert>

namespace py=pybind11;
using namespace py::literals;

//定义多个embedded模块
PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(fast_calc,m){
    m.def("add",[](int i,int j){
        return i+j;
    });
}

PYBIND11_EMBEDDED_MODULE(cpp_module,m){
    m.attr("a")=1;
}

int main(int argc, char **argv)
{
    //-----------------------------------------------------------------
    //启动Python解释器
    py::scoped_interpreter guard{};
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------

    //调用Python函数
    py::print("Hello,World");

    //-------------------------------------------------------------------
    //执行Python脚本
    py::exec(R"(
        kwargs=dict(name="world",number=42)
        message="Hello,{name}! The answer is {number}".format(**kwargs)
        print(message)
    )");

    //--------------------------------------------------------------------

    auto kwargs=py::dict("name"_a="world","number"_a=42);
    auto message="Hello,{name}! The answer is {number}"_s.format(**kwargs);
    py::print(message);

    //-------------------------------------------------------------------

    //初始化脚本空间状态    
    auto locals=py::dict("name"_a="world","number"_a=42);
    //运行脚本
    py::exec(R"(
        message="Hello,{name}! The answer is {number}".format(**locals())
    )",py::globals(),locals);
    
    std::cout<<locals["message"].cast<std::string>()<<std::endl;

    //---------------------------------------------------------------------
    //加载Python模块，获取模块变量(py::object)
    auto sys=py::module_::import("sys");
    py::print(sys.attr("path"));

    //---------------------------------------------------------------------

    //加载pybind11嵌入模块，运行命令
    auto calc=py::module_::import("calc");
    auto result=calc.attr("add")(1,2);

    int n=result.cast<int>();

    assert(n==3);
    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------

    {
        //加载embedded模块
        auto fast_calc=py::module_::import("fast_calc");
        auto result=fast_calc.attr("add")(1,2).cast<int>();
        assert(result==3);
    }

    //-------------------------------------------------------------------------
    {
        //加载外部模块，该模块引用内部embedded模块
        auto py_module=py::module_::import("py_module");
        auto locals=py::dict("fmt"_a="{}+{}={}",**py_module.attr("__dict__"));
        assert(locals["a"].cast<int>()==1);
        assert(locals["b"].cast<int>()==2);

        py::exec(R"(
            c=a+b
            message=fmt.format(a,b,c)
        )",py::globals(),locals);

        assert(locals["c"].cast<int>()==3);
        py::print(locals["message"]);

    }
    //------------------------------------------------------------------------
    return(0);
}

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CMakeLists.txt

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.4)
project(embed)
find_package(pybind11 REQUIRED) # or `add_subdirectory(pybind11)`
add_executable(embed embed.cpp)
target_link_libraries(embed PRIVATE pybind11::embed)

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