openCV：直方图比较

 直方图比较：
(衡量图像或者某一块区域的相似性)

Correlation 相关性比较(CV_COMP_CORREL)
Chi-Square 卡方比较(CV_COMP_CHISQR)
Intersection 十字交叉性(CV_COMP_INTERSECT)
Bhattacharyya distance 巴氏距离(CV_COMP_BHATTACHARYYA )

1、首先把图像从RGB色彩空间转换到HSV色彩空间cvtColor
2、计算图像的直方图，然后归一化到[0~1]之间calcHist和normalize;
3、使用上述四种比较方法之一进行比较compareHist

#include <opencv2/opencv.hpp>
#include <iostream>
#include <math.h>

using namespace std;
using namespace cv;

string convertToString(double d);
int main(int argc, char** argv) {
	Mat base, test1, test2;
	Mat hsvbase, hsvtest1, hsvtest2;
	base = imread("C:/Users/JAY/Desktop/Others/tang.jpg");
	if (!base.data) {
		printf("could not load image...\n");
		return -1;
	}
	test1 = imread("C:/Users/JAY/Desktop/Others/tang2.jpg");
	test2 = imread("C:/Users/JAY/Desktop/Others/tang1.jpg");

	//从RGB空间转换到HSV空间
	cvtColor(base, hsvbase, CV_BGR2HSV);
	cvtColor(test1, hsvtest1, CV_BGR2HSV);
	cvtColor(test2, hsvtest2, CV_BGR2HSV);

	//计算直方图并归一化
	int h_bins = 50; int s_bins = 60;
	int histSize[] = { h_bins, s_bins };
	// hue varies from 0 to 179, saturation from 0 to 255     
	float h_ranges[] = { 0, 180 };
	float s_ranges[] = { 0, 256 };
	const float* ranges[] = { h_ranges, s_ranges };
	// Use the o-th and 1-st channels     
	int channels[] = { 0, 1 };
	MatND hist_base;
	MatND hist_test1;
	MatND hist_test2;

	calcHist(&hsvbase, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_base, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false);
	normalize(hist_base, hist_base, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());//归一化到0-1之间

	calcHist(&hsvtest1, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_test1, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false);
	normalize(hist_test1, hist_test1, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());

	calcHist(&hsvtest2, 1, channels, Mat(), hist_test2, 2, histSize, ranges, true, false);
	normalize(hist_test2, hist_test2, 0, 1, NORM_MINMAX, -1, Mat());

	//比较直方图，并返回值
	double basebase = compareHist(hist_base, hist_base, CV_COMP_CORREL);
	double basetest1 = compareHist(hist_base, hist_test1, CV_COMP_CORREL);
	double basetest2 = compareHist(hist_base, hist_test2, CV_COMP_CORREL);
	double tes1test2 = compareHist(hist_test1, hist_test2, CV_COMP_CORREL);
	printf("test1 compare with test2 correlation value :%f", tes1test2);

	Mat test12;
	test2.copyTo(test12);
	putText(base, convertToString(basebase), Point(50, 50), CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
	putText(test1, convertToString(basetest1), Point(50, 50), CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
	putText(test2, convertToString(basetest2), Point(50, 50), CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, LINE_AA);
	putText(test12, convertToString(tes1test2), Point(50, 50), CV_FONT_HERSHEY_COMPLEX, 1, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, LINE_AA);

	namedWindow("base", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	namedWindow("test1", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);
	namedWindow("test2", CV_WINDOW_AUTOSIZE);

	imshow("base", base);
	imshow("test1", test1);
	imshow("test2", test2);
	imshow("test12", test12);

	waitKey(0);
	return 0;
}

string convertToString(double d) {
	ostringstream os;
	if (os << d)//将double数据os输出到d里面
		return os.str();
	return "invalid conversion";
}

结果