C++ 有理数运算符重载

有理数运算重载

要求：有理数为最简有理数，若分子与分母整除输出整数。

思想总结：

简单代码思想：
1.有理数简化： 判断分子分母大小，取较小值作为辅助变量，用循环for( i=min; i>1; i-- )判断分子分母同时%i，判断余数，当余数为0表示有公因数，且最大公约数将是第一个被提取出。
2.有理数加减：判断操作数双方分母是否相同，用累加方式找最小公倍数，直到双方分母相同，在对分子进行相加减。
3.整数输出：判断分子是否能整除分母，若余数为0，则满足条件。
4.打印：调用行为print，依次对分子分母根据格式 （分子 “/” 分母 ）进行输出

代码优化：
1.有理数简化：采用欧立德算法，循环对除数进行求模，在将被除数作为除数，直到余数为0，即获得最大公约数，即当前除数为最大公因数。
2.有理数加减：不用找最小公倍数，直接用公式，这样操作只需一步，效率高。
例如：a/b + a1/b1 = (a * b1 + a1 * b) / b*b1
3.打印：将std类中的左移运算符<<重载，使它能够输出Ration格式的数据。

初版本

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>
class Ration
{
public:
	Ration();
	Ration(int d, int m);
	Ration operator+(Ration d);
	Ration operator-(Ration d);
	Ration operator*(Ration d);
	Ration operator/(Ration d);
	void print();
private:
	int molecule;
	int denominator;
};

Ration::Ration()
{
	denominator = 0;
	molecule = 0;
}

Ration::Ration(int d, int m)
{
	denominator = d;
	molecule = m;
}

Ration Ration::operator+(Ration d)
{
	Ration c;
	int mtmp = molecule, dtmp = denominator;
	int mtmp2 = d.molecule, dtmp2 = d.denominator;
	while( mtmp != mtmp2 )
	{
		if(mtmp < mtmp2)
		{
			mtmp += molecule;
			dtmp += denominator;
		}
		else if( mtmp > mtmp2 )
		{
			mtmp2 += d.molecule;
			dtmp2 += d.denominator;
		}
	}
	c.molecule = mtmp;
	c.denominator = dtmp + dtmp2;
	return c;
}

Ration Ration::operator-(Ration d)
{
	Ration c;
	int mtmp = molecule, dtmp = denominator;
	int mtmp2 = d.molecule, dtmp2 = d.denominator;
	while( mtmp != mtmp2 )
	{
		if(mtmp < mtmp2)
		{
			mtmp += molecule;
			dtmp += denominator;
		}
		else if( mtmp > mtmp2 )
		{
			mtmp2 += d.molecule;
			dtmp2 += d.denominator;
		}
	}
	c.molecule = mtmp;
	c.denominator = dtmp - dtmp2;
	return c;
}

Ration Ration::operator*(Ration d)
{
	Ration c;
	c.molecule = molecule * d.molecule;
	c.denominator = denominator * d.denominator;
	return c;
}

Ration Ration::operator/(Ration d)
{
	Ration c;
	c.molecule = molecule * d.denominator;
	c.denominator = denominator * d.molecule;
	return c;
}

void Ration::print()
{
	int i=0;
	if( abs(molecule) > abs(denominator) )
	{
		for(i=abs(denominator); i>1; i--)
		{
			if( denominator % i == 0 && molecule % i == 0 )
			{
				molecule /= i;
				denominator /= i;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	else
	{
		for(i=abs(molecule); i>1; i--)
		{
			if( denominator % i == 0 && molecule % i == 0 )
			{
				molecule /= i;
				denominator /= i;
				break;
			}
		}
	}
	if( denominator % molecule == 0 )
		std::cout << "整数：" << denominator << std::endl;
	else
		std::cout << denominator << " / " << molecule << std::endl;
}

int main()
{
	Ration r1(3,8),r2(13,8),r3;
	r3 = r1 + r2;
	r3.print();
	r3 = r1 - r2;
	r3.print();
	r3 = r2 * r1;
	r3.print();
	r3 = r2 / r1;
	r3.print();
	std::cin.get();
	return 0;
}

优化版本

#include <iostream>
#include <string>
#include <stdlib.h>

class Ration
{
public:
	Ration();
	Ration(int m, int d);
	Ration operator+(Ration d);
	Ration operator-(Ration d);
	Ration operator*(Ration d);
	Ration operator/(Ration d);
private:
	void normalize();//简化
	int molecule;//分子
	int denominator;//分母
	friend std::ostream& operator<<(std::ostream &os, Ration f);
};

Ration::Ration()
{
	molecule = 0;
	denominator = 0;
}

Ration::Ration(int m, int d)
{
	molecule = m;
	denominator = d;
	normalize();//简化
}

void Ration::normalize()
{
	//分母不为负数，若为负数则将符号提到分子
	if( denominator < 0 )
	{
		denominator = -denominator;
		molecule = -molecule;
	}
	//欧几里德算法
	int a = abs( molecule );
	int b = abs( denominator );
	//最大公约数
	while( b > 0 )
	{
		int t = a%b;
		a=b;
		b=t;
	}
	molecule /= a;
	denominator /= a;
}

Ration Ration::operator+(Ration d)
{
	int a = molecule, a1 = denominator;
	int b = d.molecule, b1 = d.denominator;
	
	int c = a*b1 + a1*b;
	int f = a1 * b1;
	return Ration(c, f);
}

Ration Ration::operator-(Ration d)
{
	int a = molecule, a1 = denominator;
	int b = d.molecule, b1 = d.denominator;
	
	int c = a*b1 - a1*b;
	int f = a1 * b1;
	return Ration(c, f);
}

Ration Ration::operator*(Ration d)
{
	int a = molecule, a1 = denominator;
	int b = d.molecule, b1 = d.denominator;
	
	int c = a * b;
	int f = a1 * b1;
	return Ration(c, f);
}

Ration Ration::operator/(Ration d)
{
	int a = molecule, a1 = denominator;
	int b = d.molecule, b1 = d.denominator;
	
	int c = a * b1;
	int f = a1 * b;
	return Ration(c, f);
}

void Ration::print()
{
	if( molecule % denominator == 0 )
		std::cout << "整数：" << molecule << std::endl;
	else
		std::cout << molecule << "/" << denominator << std::endl;
}

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, Ration f);

int main()
{
	Ration r1(3,8),r2(13,8),r3;

	std::cout << r1 << "+" << r2 << "=" << (r1+r2) << std::endl;
	std::cout << r1 << "-" << r2 << "=" << (r1-r2) << std::endl;
	std::cout << r1 << "*" << r2 << "=" << (r1*r2) << std::endl;
	std::cout << r1 << "/" << r2 << "=" << (r1/r2) << std::endl;
	return 0;
}

std::ostream &operator<<(std::ostream &os, Ration f)
{
	os << f.molecule << "/" << f.denominator;
	return os;
}