Android编译，打包、签名详细教程

1.Android程序编译、打包、签名、发布的三种方式：

方式一：命令行手动编译打包
方式二：使用ant自动编译打包
方式三：使用eclipse+ADT编译打包

2.Android编译、打包的步骤：

2.1第一步 生成R.java类文件：
Eclipse中会自动生成R.java，ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的aapt.exe程序生成R.java。
aapt2(Android Asset Packaging Tool)是用来 编译和打包 app资源文件的构建工具。
2.2第二步 将.aidl文件生成.java类文件：
Eclipse中自动生成，ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的aidl.exe生成.java文件。
2.3第三步 编译.java类文件生成class文件：
Eclipse中自动生成，ant和命令行使用jdk的javac编译java类文件生成class文件。
2.4第四步 将class文件打包生成classes.dex文件：
Eclipse中自动生成,ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的dx.bat命令行脚本生成classes.dex文件。
相对于PC上的java虚拟机能运行.class；android上的Davlik虚拟机能运行.dex。
2.5第五步 打包资源文件（包括res、assets、androidmanifest.xml等）：
Eclipse中自动生成,ant和命令行使用Android SDK提供的aapt.exe生成资源包文件。
在第一步已完成？？？
2.6第六步 生成未签名的apk安装文件：
Eclipse中自动生成debug签名文件存放在bin目录中，ant和命令行使用android SDK提供的apkbuilder.bat命令脚本生成未签名的apk安装文件。
2.7第七步 对未签名的apk进行签名生成签名后的android文件：
Eclipse中使用Android Tools进行签名，ant和命令行使用jdk的jarsigner对未签名的包进行apk签名。

Android 命令行手动编译打包过程图

3.命令行手动编译打包详解
详见：http://jojol-zhou.iteye.com/blog/729254

4.ant自动打包android程序详解
4.1生成R.java类文件：

    <!-- Generate the R.java file for this project's resources. --> 
    <target name="resource-src" depends="copy"> 
        <echo>Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true"> 
<arg value="package" /> 
<arg value="-m" /> 
<arg value="-J" /> 
<arg value="${outdir-gen}" /> 
<arg value="-M" /> 
<arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" /> 
<arg value="-S" /> 
<arg value="${resource-dir}" /> 
<arg value="-I" /> 
<arg value="${android-jar}" /> 
</exec> 
   </target> 

4.2将.aidl文件生成.java类文件：

<!-- Generate java classes from .aidl files. --> 
    <target name="aidl" depends="copy"> 
        <echo>Compiling aidl files into Java classes...</echo> 
        <apply executable="${aidl}" failοnerrοr="true"> 
            <arg value="-p${android-framework}" /> 
            <arg value="-I${srcdir}" /> 
            <fileset dir="${srcdir}"> 
                <include name="**/*.aidl"/> 
            </fileset> 
        </apply> 
</target> 

4.3编译.java类文件生成class文件：

 <!-- Compile this project's .java files into .class files. --> 
    <target name="compile" depends="copy, resource-src, aidl"> 
        <javac encoding="GB18030" target="1.5" debug="true" extdirs="" 
                srcdir="." 
                destdir="${outdir-classes}" 
                bootclasspath="${android-jar}"> 
            <classpath> 
                <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/> 
            </classpath> 
         </javac> 
    </target> 

4.4第四步 将class文件打包生成classes.dex文件：

  <!-- Convert this project's .class files into .dex files. --> 
    <target name="dex" depends="compile"> 
        <echo>Converting compiled files and external libraries into ${outdir}/${dex-file}...</echo> 
        <apply executable="${dx}" failοnerrοr="true" parallel="true"> 
            <arg value="--dex" /> 
            <arg value="--output=${intermediate-dex-ospath}" /> 
            <arg path="${outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath}" /> 
            <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/> 
        </apply> 
    </target> 

4.5第五步 打包资源文件（包括res、assets、androidmanifest.xml等）：

 <!-- Put the project's resources into the output package file. --> 
    <target name="package-res-and-assets"> 
        <echo>Packaging resources and assets...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true"> 
            <arg value="package" /> 
            <arg value="-f" /> 
            <arg value="-M" /> 
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" /> 
            <arg value="-S" /> 
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" /> 
            <arg value="-A" /> 
            <arg value="${asset-dir}" /> 
            <arg value="-I" /> 
            <arg value="${android-jar}" /> 
            <arg value="-F" /> 
            <arg value="${resources-package}" /> 
        </exec> 
    </target> 

4.6第六步 生成未签名的apk安装文件：

 <target name="package" depends="dex, package-res"> 
        <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo> 
        <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failοnerrοr="true"> 
            <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-u" /> 
            <arg value="-z" /> 
            <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-f" /> 
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-rf" /> 
            <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" /> 
            <arg value="-rj" /> 
            <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" /> 
        </exec> 
        <echo>It will need to be signed with jarsigner before being published.</echo> 
    </target> 

4.7第七步 对未签名的apk进行签名生成签名后的android文件：

<target name="jarsigner" depends="package"> 
<echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo> 
<exec executable="${jarsigner}" failοnerrοr="true"> 
<arg value="-verbose" /> 
<arg value="-storepass" /> 
<arg value="byread002" /> 
<arg value="-keypass" /> 
<arg value="byread002" /> 
<arg value="-keystore" /> 
<arg value="bbyread.keystore" /> 
<arg value="-signedjar" /> 
<arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}" /> 
<arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" /> 
<arg value="byread" /> 
</exec> 
</target> 

<?xml version="1.0" ?>  
    <!--  
  byread Package Utility  
  Author: Jojol Zhou  
  Date: 20100804  
    -->  
<project name="Byread" default="debug">  
    <!-- SDK Locations -->  
    <property name="sdk2.2-folder" value="F:\explorer\android-sdk-windows2.2" />  
    <property name="sdk-folder" value="${sdk2.2-folder}/platforms/android-3" />  
    <property name="sdk-tools" value="${sdk-folder}/tools" />  
    <property name="android-tools" value="${sdk2.2-folder}/tools" />  
    <property name="proguardpath" location="${wtkhome}/lib/proguard" />  
  
        <!-- step 1.generate R.java by aapt  2.compile java to class by javac。exe 3.generate classes.dex by dx.bat  -->  
        <!-- 4.package resources by aapt 5. package resource and classes.dex by apkbuilder.bat 6.sign apk by jarsinger -->  
    <!-- Tools -->  
    <property name="aapt" value="${sdk-tools}/aapt.exe" />  
    <property name="dx" value="${sdk-tools}/dx.bat" />  
    <property name="apk-builder" value="${android-tools}/apkbuilder.bat" />  
    <property name="aidl" value="${android-tools}/aidl.exe" />  
    <property name="adb" value="${android-tools}/adb.exe" />  
    <property name="android-jar" value="${sdk-folder}/android.jar" />  
    <property name="jarsigner" value="C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_07\bin\jarsigner.exe" />  
  
    <!-- Application Package Name -->  
    <property name="application-package" value="com.byread.reader" />  
    <property name="useragent" value="byAndroidWeb" />  
    <property name="version" value="1.02" />  
    <!-- The intermediates directory -->  
    <!-- Eclipse uses "bin" for its own output, so we do the same. -->  
    <property name="outdir-bin" value="bin" />  
    <property name="outdir-gen" value="gen" />  
    <!-- source directories -->  
        <property name="resource-dir" value="res" />  
    <property name="asset-dir" value="assets" />  
    <property name="srcdir" value="src" />  
    <property name="srcdir-ospath" value="${basedir}/${srcdir}" />  
    <property name="external-libs" value="libs" />  
    <property name="external-libs-ospath" value="${basedir}/${external-libs}" />  
      
    <!-- dest directories -->  
    <property name="des-resource-dir" value="${outdir-bin}/res" />  
    <property name="des-asset-dir" value="${outdir-bin}/assets" />  
    <property name="des-srcdir" value="${outdir-bin}/src" />  
    <property name="des-srcdir-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-bin}/${srcdir}" />  
    <property name="des-external-libs" value="${outdir-bin}/libs" />  
    <property name="des-external-libs-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-bin}/${external-libs}" />  
      
    <!-- Output directories -->  
    <property name="outdir-classes" value="${outdir-bin}/src" />  
    <property name="outdir-obfuscate-classes" value="${outdir-bin}/classes" />  
    <property name="outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath" value="${basedir}/${outdir-obfuscate-classes}" />  
  
    <!-- Intermediate files -->  
    <property name="dex-file" value="classes.dex" />  
    <property name="intermediate-dex" value="${outdir-bin}/${dex-file}" />  
    <property name="intermediate-dex-ospath" value="${basedir}/${intermediate-dex}" />  
  
    <!-- The final package file to generate -->  
    <property name="resources-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}" />  
    <property name="resources-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${resources-package}" />  
    <property name="out-debug-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}-debug.apk" />  
    <property name="out-debug-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${out-debug-package}" />  
    <property name="out-unsigned-package" value="${outdir-bin}/${ant.project.name}-unsigned.apk" />  
    <property name="out-unsigned-package-ospath" value="${basedir}/${out-unsigned-package}" />  
        <property name="out-signed-package" value="${useragent}\${ant.project.name}.apk" />  
        <property name="out-signed-package-ospath" value="${basedir}\${out-signed-package}" />  
          
  
    <!-- init -->  
        <target name="init">  
        <echo>Creating all output directories </echo>  
        <delete dir="${outdir-bin}" />  
        <delete dir="${useragent}" />  
        <mkdir dir="${outdir-bin}" />  
        <mkdir dir="${outdir-classes}" />  
        <mkdir dir="${useragent}" />  
    </target>  
      
    <!-- copy original strings and modify useragent -->  
    <target name="copy" depends="init">  
        <echo>copy files to output folder</echo>  
        <delete file="${resource-dir}\values\strings.xml"/>  
        <copy file="strings.xml" todir="${resource-dir}\values" />  
        <replace file="${resource-dir}\values\strings.xml" token="@USERAGENT@" value="${useragent}" encoding="utf-8"/>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Generate the R.java file for this project's resources. -->  
    <target name="resource-src" depends="copy">  
        <echo>Generating R.java / Manifest.java from the resources...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true">  
                    <arg value="package" />  
                    <arg value="-m" />  
                    <arg value="-J" />  
                    <arg value="${outdir-gen}" />  
                    <arg value="-M" />  
                    <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
                    <arg value="-S" />  
                    <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
                    <arg value="-I" />  
                    <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
                </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Generate java classes from .aidl files. -->  
    <target name="aidl" depends="copy">  
        <echo>Compiling aidl files into Java classes...</echo>  
        <apply executable="${aidl}" failοnerrοr="true">  
            <arg value="-p${android-framework}" />  
            <arg value="-I${srcdir}" />  
            <fileset dir="${srcdir}">  
                <include name="**/*.aidl"/>  
            </fileset>  
        </apply>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Compile this project's .java files into .class files. -->  
    <target name="compile" depends="copy, resource-src, aidl">  
        <javac encoding="GB18030" target="1.5" debug="true" extdirs=""  
                srcdir="."  
                destdir="${outdir-classes}"  
                bootclasspath="${android-jar}">  
            <classpath>  
                <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/>  
            </classpath>  
         </javac>  
    </target>  
      
  
  
  
    <!-- Convert this project's .class files into .dex files. -->  
    <target name="dex" depends="compile">  
        <echo>Converting compiled files and external libraries into ${outdir}/${dex-file}...</echo>  
        <apply executable="${dx}" failοnerrοr="true" parallel="true">  
            <arg value="--dex" />  
            <arg value="--output=${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
            <arg path="${outdir-obfuscate-classes-ospath}" />  
            <fileset dir="${external-libs}" includes="*.jar"/>  
        </apply>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Put the project's resources into the output package file. -->  
    <target name="package-res-and-assets">  
        <echo>Packaging resources and assets...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true">  
            <arg value="package" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="-M" />  
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
            <arg value="-S" />  
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
            <arg value="-A" />  
            <arg value="${asset-dir}" />  
            <arg value="-I" />  
            <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
            <arg value="-F" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Same as package-res-and-assets, but without "-A ${asset-dir}" -->  
    <target name="package-res-no-assets">  
        <echo>Packaging resources...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${aapt}" failοnerrοr="true">  
            <arg value="package" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="-M" />  
            <arg value="AndroidManifest.xml" />  
            <arg value="-S" />  
            <arg value="${resource-dir}" />  
            <!-- No assets directory -->  
            <arg value="-I" />  
            <arg value="${android-jar}" />  
            <arg value="-F" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Invoke the proper target depending on whether or not  
         an assets directory is present. -->  
    <!-- TODO: find a nicer way to include the "-A ${asset-dir}" argument  
         only when the assets dir exists. -->  
    <target name="package-res">  
        <available file="${asset-dir}" type="dir"  
                property="res-target" value="and-assets" />  
        <property name="res-target" value="no-assets" />  
        <antcall target="package-res-${res-target}" />  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Package the application and sign it with a debug key.  
         This is the default target when building. It is used for debug. -->  
    <target name="debug" depends="dex, package-res">  
        <echo>Packaging ${out-debug-package}, and signing it with a debug key...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failοnerrοr="true">  
            <arg value="${out-debug-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-z" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rf" />  
            <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rj" />  
            <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Package the application without signing it.  
         This allows for the application to be signed later with an official publishing key. -->  
    <target name="package" depends="dex, package-res">  
        <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${apk-builder}" failοnerrοr="true">  
            <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-u" />  
            <arg value="-z" />  
            <arg value="${resources-package-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-f" />  
            <arg value="${intermediate-dex-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rf" />  
            <arg value="${srcdir-ospath}" />  
            <arg value="-rj" />  
            <arg value="${external-libs-ospath}" />  
        </exec>  
        <echo>It will need to be signed with jarsigner before being published.</echo>  
    </target>  
      
        <target name="jarsigner" depends="package">  
            <echo>Packaging ${out-unsigned-package} for release...</echo>  
            <exec executable="${jarsigner}" failοnerrοr="true">  
                <arg value="-verbose" />  
                <arg value="-storepass" />  
                <arg value="byread002" />  
                <arg value="-keypass" />  
                <arg value="byread002" />  
                <arg value="-keystore" />  
                <arg value="bbyread.keystore" />  
                <arg value="-signedjar" />  
                <arg value="${out-signed-package-ospath}" />  
                <arg value="${out-unsigned-package-ospath}" />  
                <arg value="byread" />  
            </exec>  
        </target>  
          
        <target name="release" depends="jarsigner">  
        <echo>release for release...</echo>  
    </target>  
      
    <!-- Install the package on the default emulator -->  
    <target name="install" depends="debug">  
        <echo>Installing ${out-debug-package} onto default emulator...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${adb}" failοnerrοr="true">  
            <arg value="install" />  
            <arg value="${out-debug-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <target name="reinstall" depends="debug">  
        <echo>Installing ${out-debug-package} onto default emulator...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${adb}" failοnerrοr="true">  
            <arg value="install" />  
            <arg value="-r" />  
            <arg value="${out-debug-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
    <!-- Uinstall the package from the default emulator -->  
    <target name="uninstall">  
        <echo>Uninstalling ${application-package} from the default emulator...</echo>  
        <exec executable="${adb}" failοnerrοr="true">  
            <arg value="uninstall" />  
            <arg value="${application-package}" />  
        </exec>  
    </target>  
  
</project>  

5.eclipse打包签名
详见：http://jojol-zhou.iteye.com/blog/719428

参考： http://sinfrancis.iteye.com/blog/721582
http://asantoso.wordpress.com/2009/09/15/how-to-build-android-application-package-apk-from-the-command-line-using-the-sdk-tools-continuously-integrated-using-cruisecontrol/