进程间管道通信（二）

书接上文，倘若我们需要对多个子进程进行通信，该怎么做呢？简而言之，只需要我们保存下每个匿名管道的读端，或是写端即可。此方法只可以对有亲缘关系的进程才有作用

demo代码如下：

#include<iostream>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/wait.h>
#include<cstdio>
#include<vector>
#include<cstdlib>
#include<unordered_map>
using namespace std;

typedef void(*func)();
vector<func>functors;
unordered_map<uint32_t,string>info;
typedef pair<int64_t,int64_t>elem;
vector<elem>callmap;
int processnum=5;

void f1(){cout<<"this is a log.txt id:"<<getpid()<<" time is"<<time(nullptr)<<endl;}
void f2(){cout<<"this is a copy.txt id:"<<getpid()<<" time is"<<time(nullptr)<<endl;}
void f3(){cout<<"this is a network.txt id:"<<getpid()<<" time is"<<time(nullptr)<<endl;}

void loadfunctor()
{
    info.insert(make_pair<uint32_t,string>(functors.size(),"deal log.txt"));
    functors.push_back(f1);
    info.insert(make_pair<uint32_t,string>(functors.size(),"deal copy.txt"));
    functors.push_back(f2);
    info.insert(make_pair<uint32_t,string>(functors.size(),"deal network.txt"));
    functors.push_back(f3);
}

void work(int fd)
{
    
    while(true)
    {
        uint32_t num=0;
        ssize_t s=read(fd,&num,sizeof(uint32_t));
        if(s==0) break;
        if(num<functors.size()) functors[num%functors.size()]();
    }
   cout<<getpid()<<"结束工作"<<endl;
}

void sendtask(vector<elem> &mp)
{
    //srand((long long)time(nullptr));
    int cnt=20;
    while(cnt--)
    {
        cout<<cnt<<endl;
        uint32_t pick=rand()%mp.size();
        uint32_t task=rand()%functors.size();
        cout<<"pick:"<<pick<<"task"<<task<<endl;
        write(mp[pick].second,&task,sizeof(task));
        cout<<"指派任务："<<info[task]<<"给"<<mp[pick].first<<endl;
        sleep(1);
    }
    for(int i=0;i<processnum;i++)
    {
        close(mp[i].second);
    }
}
void dispatch(int num,int* task)
{
    write(callmap[num].second,task,sizeof(*task));
}


int main()
{
    loadfunctor();
    for(int i=0;i<processnum;i++)
    {
        int pipefd[2];
        pipe(pipefd);
        pid_t id=fork();
        if(id==0)
        {
            close(pipefd[1]);
            work(pipefd[0]); 
            exit(0);
        }
        close(pipefd[0]);
        elem m(id,pipefd[1]);
        callmap.push_back(m);
    }
    sendtask(callmap);
    for(int i=0;i<processnum;i++)
    {
        if(waitpid(callmap[i].first,nullptr,0)) cout<<"wait success:"<<callmap[i].first<<" number:"<<i<<endl;
        close(callmap[i].second);
    }
}

我们的父进程保存了每个子进程记录的管道的写端，并把子进程的pid号和匿名管道的写端做成一个键值对，至此，我们的父进程就可以操控多个子进程了。

非亲缘进程的通信

上述的方法可以实现有亲缘关系的进程进行通信，但是如果非亲缘关系的进程该如何通过管道进行通信呢？这里我们可以使用命名管道。

 

通过命名管道，我们可以实现非亲缘的进程进行通信，该方法是面向字节流的，先进先出。

demo代码如下：

//common.h
#pragma once
#include<iostream>
#include<string>

#define IPC_PATH ("./.fifo")

//client.cc
#include<iostream>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include"common.h"
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<string>
#include<unistd.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    int pipefd=open(IPC_PATH,O_RDONLY);
    char buffer[1024];
    while(true)
    {
        ssize_t s=read(pipefd,buffer,sizeof(buffer)-1);
        if(s==0)break;
        buffer[s]='\0';
        printf("a msg from server:%s",buffer);
    }
    return 0;
}

 

//server.cc
#include<iostream>
#include<sys/types.h>
#include<sys/stat.h>
#include"common.h"
#include<fcntl.h>
#include<string>
#include<unistd.h>
#include<cstring>
#include<stdio.h>
using namespace std;

int main()
{
    umask(0);
    if(mkfifo(IPC_PATH,0600)!=0)
    {
        cerr<<"mkfifo error"<<endl;
        //return 1;
    }
    int pipefd=open(IPC_PATH,O_WRONLY);
    char str[1024];
    while(true)
    {
        cout<<"please enter in:";
        fgets(str,sizeof(str),stdin);
        if(str=="###"){
            close(pipefd);
            break;
        }
        write(pipefd,&str,sizeof(str));
    }
    

    cout<<"hello client"<<endl;
}