UDP编程示例(sendto、bind、recvfrom)

一、示例1： 往网络调试助手发送信息

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define N 128 
//ssize_t sendto(int sockfd, const void *buf, size_t len, int flags,const struct sockaddr *dest_addr, socklen_t addrlen);
/*
struct  sockaddr_in {
    short  int  sin_family;                   /
    unsigned  short  int  sin_port;       
    struct  in_addr  sin_addr;            
    unsigned  char  sin_zero[8];   
};
*/

int main()
{
    int sockfd = 0;

    //1、创建套接字
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1){
        perror("fail to socket");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("sockfd = %d\n", sockfd);

    //2、填充服务器网络信息结构体 sockaddr_in
    struct sockaddr_in severaddr;
    socklen_t addrlen = sizeof(severaddr);

	//IPv4网络
    severaddr.sin_family = AF_INET; 
    //将一个点分十进制的IP转换成一个长整数型数
    severaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.43.84"); 
    //从主机字节顺序转变成网络字节（大端存储）
    severaddr.sin_port = htons(22222);

    //3、发送数据到服务器
    char buf[N] = "";
    while(1){
        fgets(buf, N, stdin);
        buf[strlen(buf) - 1] = '\0';
        if(sendto(sockfd, buf, N, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&severaddr, addrlen) == -1){
            perror("fail to sendto");
            exit(1);
        }
    }

    //4、关闭套接字文件描述符
    close(sockfd);
    return 0;
}

二、示例2：
网络调试助手为客户端，树莓派为服务器端。
客户端发送信息给服务器，服务器打印发送的信息，和打印发送者的IP地址和端口号。

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#define N 128 
/*
struct  sockaddr_in {
    short  int  sin_family;                   /
    unsigned  short  int  sin_port;       
    struct  in_addr  sin_addr;            
    unsigned  char  sin_zero[8];   
};
*/
//int bind(int sockfd, const struct sockaddr *addr, socklen_t addrlen);

int main()
{
    int sockfd = 0;

    //1、创建套接字
    if((sockfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_DGRAM, 0)) == -1){
        perror("fail to socket");
        exit(1);
    }
    printf("sockfd = %d\n", sockfd);

    //2、填充网络信息结构体
    struct sockaddr_in severaddr;
    severaddr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    severaddr.sin_port = htons(8888);
    severaddr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("192.168.43.32");

	//3、绑定服务器的网络信息，让客户端能够找到
    if( bind(sockfd, (struct sockaddr *)&severaddr, (sizeof(severaddr))) == -1){
    	perror("fail to bind");
	exit(1);
    }

    //ssize_t recvfrom(int sockfd, void *buf, size_t len, int flag,  struct sockaddr *src_addr, socklen_t *addrlen)
    char buf[N] = "";
    struct sockaddr_in clientaddr;
    //4、接收网络调试助手的数据
    socklen_t clientaddrlen = sizeof(struct sockaddr_in);
    if( recvfrom(sockfd, buf, N, 0, (struct sockaddr *)&clientaddr, &clientaddrlen) == -1){
    //没有数据会阻塞
    	perror("fail to recvfrom");
		exit(1);
    }
    
    printf("client ip is %s\n", inet_ntoa(clientaddr.sin_addr));
    printf("post is %d\n", ntohs(clientaddr.sin_port));
    printf("buf is %s\n", buf);
    
    //5、关闭套接字文件描述符
    close(sockfd);

    return 0;
}