import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
lena = cv2.imread("car.jpg")
# lena = cv2.cvtColor(lena,cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
lena = cv2.medianBlur(lena,5)
hist = cv2.calcHist([lena],[0],None,[256],[0,256]) # 传入图像,通道(0代表灰度)None掩膜图像,数目和像素范围
hist.shape
plt.hist(hist.ravel(),256)
plt.show()
img = cv2.imread("car.jpg")
color = ('b','g','r')
for i,col in enumerate(color):
histr = cv2.calcHist([img],[i],None,[256],[0,256])
plt.plot(histr,color=col)
plt.xlim([0,256])
mask = np.zeros(img.shape[:2],np.uint8)
mask[100:300,100:400] = 255
masked_img = cv2.bitwise_and(img,img,mask=mask) # 与操作
cv_show("img",img)
hist_full = cv2.calcHist([img],[i],None,[256],[0,256])
hist_mask = cv2.calcHist([img],[i],mask,[256],[0,256])
plt.subplot(221),plt.imshow(img,'gray')
plt.subplot(222),plt.imshow(mask,'gray')
plt.subplot(223),plt.imshow(masked_img,'gray')
plt.subplot(224),plt.plot(hist_full),plt.plot(hist_mask)
累积概率
直方图均值化
import cv2
import numpy as np
img = cv2.imread("car.jpg", 1)
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
cv2.imshow("src", gray)
dst = cv2.equalizeHist(gray)
cv2.imshow("dst", dst)
cv2.waitKey(0)
自适应均值化
# 自适应直方图均衡化
clahe = cv2.createCLAHE(clipLimit = 2.0,tileGridSize = (8,8))
res_shape = clahe.apply(img)
res = np.hstack(img,gray,res_shape)
cv_show(res,'res')
傅里叶变换
在频域中一切都是静止的
非常形象的傅里叶讲解图
谨以此文献给大连海事大学的吴楠老师,柳晓鸣老师,王新年老师以及张晶泊老师。
https://zhuanlan.zhihu.com/p/19763358
高频相当于边缘位置,低频是非边缘
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread("lena.jpg",0) # 后面的0可以使得其编程灰度图,不写的话就是彩色
img = cv2.medianBlur(img,5)
cv2.imshow('lena',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
def cv_show(name,img):
cv2.imshow(name,img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
cv_show('img',img)
# opencv官方要求使用float32
img_float32 = np.float32(img)
dft = cv2.dft(img_float32,flags=cv2.DFT_COMPLEX_OUTPUT)
dft_shift = np.fft.fftshift(dft) # 这个是为了将其转移到中心点
magnitude_spectrum = 20*np.log(cv2.magnitude(dft_shift[:,:,0],dft_shift[:,:,1])) # 由于数据比较小因此需要映射到0-255
plt.subplot(121),plt.imshow(img,cmap='gray')
plt.title('Input Image'),plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(122),plt.imshow(magnitude_spectrum,cmap='gray')
plt.title('magnitude_spectrum'),plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()
低筒滤波器:只保留低频,会使得图像模糊
高通滤波器:值保留高频,会使得图像细节增强
import cv2
import numpy as np
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
img = cv2.imread("lena.jpg",0) # 后面的0可以使得其编程灰度图,不写的话就是彩色
img = cv2.medianBlur(img,5)
cv2.imshow('lena',img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
def cv_show(name,img):
cv2.imshow(name,img)
cv2.waitKey(0)
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
cv_show('img',img)
# opencv官方要求使用float32
img_float32 = np.float32(img)
dft = cv2.dft(img_float32,flags=cv2.DFT_COMPLEX_OUTPUT)
dft_shift = np.fft.fftshift(dft) # 这个是为了将其转移到中心点
rows,cols = img.shape
crow,ccol = int(rows/2),int(cols/2) # 中心位置
# 低通滤波
mask = np.zeros((rows,cols,2),np.uint8)
mask[rows-30:crow+30,ccol-30:ccol+30] = 1
#IDFT
fshift = dft_shift*mask
f_ishift = np.fft.fftshift(fshift)
img_back = cv2.idft(f_ishift)
img_back = cv2.magnitude(img_back[:,:,0],img_back[:,:,1])
plt.subplot(121),plt.imshow(img,cmap='gray')
plt.title('Input Image'),plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.subplot(122),plt.imshow(magnitude_spectrum,cmap='gray')
plt.title('magnitude_spectrum'),plt.xticks([]),plt.yticks([])
plt.show()