2020年4月补充
鉴于配置自动化测试这套框架确实稍微有点麻烦,许多小伙伴在配置的过程中总是踩坑,最近写了篇简化版的入门教程,不想折腾Android SDK的小伙伴可以移步到那篇文章:https://blog.csdn.net/u013314786/article/details/105768650
概述
本文主要分为以下几个部分
- 安装Python3
- 安装Python3的Appium库
- 安装Android SDK
- 安装JDK
- 安装Appium
- 安装模拟器
- 编写测试脚本并生成测试报告
项目示例下载地址: https://github.com/lixk/apptest
正文
一、安装Python3
直接登录Python官网https://www.python.org/,下载最新版本即可。
然后安装的时候注意一下安装路径,比如我的安装路径D:\Python37
,接下来会用到这个安装路径。
二、安装Python3的Appium库
打开Python安装目录,找到Scripts
文件夹,点进去,示例:
在地址栏上输入
cmd
,然后回车,打开控制台:
在控制台里输入命令pip install Appium-Python-Client
,然后回车
看到下图的提示就表明安装成功了
三、安装Android SDK
我懒得折腾,所以就直接下载了Android Studio
下载地址
https://developer.android.com/studio/#downloads
下载完成开始安装
如果需要安装自带的模拟器,就把这一项勾选上,然后Next,接下来选择安装路径,比如我的同样放在D
盘
接下来一路Next,到了选择SDK的页面注意一下
选择Custom
,这样可以只安装自己喜欢的部分,接下来选择主题,当然这个以后可以在Android Studio里边改
继续Next,到达定制组件页面,如下图
设置一下SDK的安装路径,比如我的是D:\Android\SDK
,接下来继续Next…finish。然后就进入了缓慢的下载环节,让它在这儿慢慢的下载吧,下载完成后就好了。我们可以进入下一节了。
四、安装JDK
这里我使用的是JDK8,下载地址
https://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/downloads/jdk8-downloads-2133151.html
接受协议,然后选择对应平台下载即可
接下来安装过程比较简单,也是一路Next,注意选择一下安装路径,比如我的安装路径D:\Java\jdk1.8
五、安装Appium
官网地址 http://appium.io/
点击下载按钮会到GitHub的下载页面,选择对应平台下载
Windows就选这个(快捷下载)
安装完成后,启动Appium,host和port默认的即可,然后编辑下配置信息
然后点下边那个保存并重启的按钮,然后点第一个Start Server
按钮,将会看到
如果使用真机测试,插上手机就可以开始编写脚本测试了。但是呢,由于手边没有数据线,就采用模拟器了,所以有了下一节。
六、安装模拟器
这里使用的是夜神模拟器
下载地址 https://www.yeshen.com/,之所以不用Android自带的,是因为记得多年前启动一次要好久,然后就再也没用过。
这个也没有什么好说的,也是注意一下安装路径,然后一路下一步就好了。
安装完成后要进行一下简单修改:
- 打开安装目录,进入到
bin
目录(比如:D:\Nox\bin
) - 把第三节里安装好的Android SDK里的
adb.exe
文件(比如我的在D:\Android\SDK\platform-tools
目录下)复制到该目录覆盖掉该目录已存在的adb.exe
文件 - 删掉该目录的
nox_adb.exe
文件,再复制一份adb.exe
并重命名为nox_adb.exe
- 启动模拟器
- 再该目录打开控制台,执行
nox_adb.exe connect 127.0.0.1:62001
,然后执行adb devices
,看到如下信息就表示成功了 - 在模拟器里安装测试
apk
文件,这里以一个计算器为例,直接将apk
文件拖到模拟器里即可 - 继续在刚刚的控制台窗口里输入
aapt dump badging D:\apk\com.youdao.calculator-2.0.0.apk
,其中D:\apk\com.youdao.calculator-2.0.0.apk
是测试apk
的完整路径。
可以看到安装包的信息都打印出来了,记录下红框里这两个名称,待会儿写测试脚本的时候要用。
注意,如果模拟器重启了,需要执行第5步的nox_adb.exe connect 127.0.0.1:62001
七、编写测试脚本并生成测试报告
-
创建测试用例目录
testcase
,在该目录下创建test_app.py
文件import time import unittest
from appium import webdriver
class MyTests(unittest.TestCase):
# 测试开始前执行的方法
def setUp(self):
desired_caps = {‘platformName’: ‘Android’, # 平台名称
‘platformVersion’: ‘4.4.2’, # 系统版本号
‘deviceName’: ‘127.0.0.1:62001’, # 设备名称。如果是真机,在’设置->关于手机->设备名称’里查看
‘appPackage’: ‘com.youdao.calculator’, # apk的包名
‘appActivity’: ‘com.youdao.calculator.activities.MainActivity’ # activity 名称
}
self.driver = webdriver.Remote(“http://127.0.0.1:4723/wd/hub”, desired_caps) # 连接Appium
self.driver.implicitly_wait(8)
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">test_calculator</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">500</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> n<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token number">4</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
<span class="token triple-quoted-string string">"""计算器测试"""</span>
time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sleep<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
window <span class="token operator">=</span> self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>driver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>get_window_size<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
x0 <span class="token operator">=</span> window<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'width'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">0.8</span> <span class="token comment"># 起始x坐标</span>
x1 <span class="token operator">=</span> window<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'width'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">0.2</span> <span class="token comment"># 终止x坐标</span>
y <span class="token operator">=</span> window<span class="token punctuation">[</span><span class="token string">'height'</span><span class="token punctuation">]</span> <span class="token operator">*</span> <span class="token number">0.5</span> <span class="token comment"># y坐标</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>n<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>driver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>swipe<span class="token punctuation">(</span>x0<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">,</span> x1<span class="token punctuation">,</span> y<span class="token punctuation">,</span> t<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sleep<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>driver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>find_element_by_id<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'com.youdao.calculator:id/guide_button'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>click<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token keyword">for</span> i <span class="token keyword">in</span> <span class="token builtin">range</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">6</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>driver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>find_element_by_accessibility_id<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token string">'Mathbot Editor'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>click<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sleep<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">1</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
btn_xpath <span class="token operator">=</span> <span class="token string">'/hierarchy/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.widget.LinearLayout/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.widget.LinearLayout/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.support.v4.widget.DrawerLayout/android.widget.LinearLayout/android.widget.FrameLayout/android.widget.RelativeLayout/android.widget.LinearLayout[2]/android.widget.LinearLayout/android.widget.LinearLayout[3]/android.view.View/android.widget.GridView/android.widget.FrameLayout[{0}]/android.widget.FrameLayout'</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>driver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>find_element_by_xpath<span class="token punctuation">(</span>btn_xpath<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">7</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>click<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>driver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>find_element_by_xpath<span class="token punctuation">(</span>btn_xpath<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">10</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>click<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>driver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>find_element_by_xpath<span class="token punctuation">(</span>btn_xpath<span class="token punctuation">.</span><span class="token builtin">format</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">8</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">.</span>click<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
time<span class="token punctuation">.</span>sleep<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token number">3</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
<span class="token comment"># 测试结束后执行的方法</span>
<span class="token keyword">def</span> <span class="token function">tearDown</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>self<span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token punctuation">:</span>
self<span class="token punctuation">.</span>driver<span class="token punctuation">.</span>quit<span class="token punctuation">(</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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创建
run.py
文件import os import time import unittest
from HTMLTestRunner import HTMLTestRunner
test_dir = ‘./testcase’
discover = unittest.defaultTestLoader.discover(start_dir=’./testcase’, pattern=“test*.py”)if name == “main”:
report_dir = ‘./test_report’
os.makedirs(report_dir, exist_ok=True)
now = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H-%M-%S")
report_name = ‘{0}/{1}.html’.format(report_dir, now)<span class="token keyword">with</span> <span class="token builtin">open</span><span class="token punctuation">(</span>report_name<span class="token punctuation">,</span> <span class="token string">'wb'</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span><span class="token keyword">as</span> f<span class="token punctuation">:</span> runner <span class="token operator">=</span> HTMLTestRunner<span class="token punctuation">(</span>stream<span class="token operator">=</span>f<span class="token punctuation">,</span> title<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"测试报告"</span><span class="token punctuation">,</span> description<span class="token operator">=</span><span class="token string">"本测试报告内容包含超级计算器的简单测试"</span><span class="token punctuation">)</span> runner<span class="token punctuation">.</span>run<span class="token punctuation">(</span>discover<span class="token punctuation">)</span>
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导出测试报告用到了
HTMLTestRunner
,但是Python3的好像有问题,在网上找了两个修改后支持Python3的, 需要的话可以在本文尾部的示例项目中下载。-
运行
run.py
文件
等程序运行完之后即会在test_report
目录下生成测试报告
在浏览器里打开即可看到报告内容,示例
到此,全部完成。如果有空的话可以再补充下Appium的使用,比如元素定位之类的,希望本文能帮到初学自动化测试的同学。
项目示例下载地址 https://github.com/lixk/apptest
艾玛,罗嗦这么多,都八点了还没吃晚饭,好饿,今天就先到这里了。
2019/5/21 补充
如果配置跟上边那几步都一致,确实没问题,结果不能正常运行。那么问题可能出在模拟器配置。下边补充下我这边的模拟器配置。
代码中的'platformVersion': '4.4.2'
就是上图中的Android版本。如果还是有许多人跑不起来,接下来可以考虑抽空录个操作视频,哈哈哈。
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