rest-framework之频率控制

一 频率简介

为了控制用户对某个url请求的频率,比如,一分钟以内,只能访问三次

二 自定义频率类,自定义频率规则

自定义的逻辑

#(1)取出访问者ip
# (2)判断当前ip不在访问字典里,添加进去,并且直接返回True,表示第一次访问,在字典里,继续往下走
# (3)循环判断当前ip的列表,有值,并且当前时间减去列表的最后一个时间大于60s,把这种数据pop掉,这样列表中只有60s以内的访问时间,
# (4)判断,当列表小于3,说明一分钟以内访问不足三次,把当前时间插入到列表第一个位置,返回True,顺利通过
# (5)当大于等于3,说明一分钟内访问超过三次,返回False验证失败

代码实现:

class MyThrottles():
    VISIT_RECORD = {}
    def __init__(self):
        self.history=None
    def allow_request(self,request, view):
        #(1)取出访问者ip
        # print(request.META)
        ip=request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
        import time
        ctime=time.time()
        # (2)判断当前ip不在访问字典里,添加进去,并且直接返回True,表示第一次访问
        if ip not in self.VISIT_RECORD:
            self.VISIT_RECORD[ip]=[ctime,]
            return True
        self.history=self.VISIT_RECORD.get(ip)
        # (3)循环判断当前ip的列表,有值,并且当前时间减去列表的最后一个时间大于60s,把这种数据pop掉,这样列表中只有60s以内的访问时间,
        while self.history and ctime-self.history[-1]>60:
            self.history.pop()
        # (4)判断,当列表小于3,说明一分钟以内访问不足三次,把当前时间插入到列表第一个位置,返回True,顺利通过
        # (5)当大于等于3,说明一分钟内访问超过三次,返回False验证失败
        if len(self.history)<3:
            self.history.insert(0,ctime)
            return True
        else:
            return False
    def wait(self):
        import time
        ctime=time.time()
        return 60-(ctime-self.history[-1])

三 内置频率类及局部使用

写一个类,继承自SimpleRateThrottle,(根据ip限制)问:要根据用户现在怎么写

from rest_framework.throttling import SimpleRateThrottle
class VisitThrottle(SimpleRateThrottle):
    scope = 'luffy'
    def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
        return self.get_ident(request)

在setting里配置:(一分钟访问三次)

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES':{
        'luffy':'3/m'
    }
}

在视图类里使用

throttle_classes = [MyThrottles,]

错误信息的中文提示:

class Course(APIView):
    authentication_classes = [TokenAuth, ]
    permission_classes = [UserPermission, ]
    throttle_classes = [MyThrottles,]

    def get(self, request):
        return HttpResponse('get')

    def post(self, request):
        return HttpResponse('post')
    def throttled(self, request, wait):
        from rest_framework.exceptions import Throttled
        class MyThrottled(Throttled):
            default_detail = '傻逼啊'
            extra_detail_singular = '还有 {wait} second.'
            extra_detail_plural = '出了 {wait} seconds.'
        raise MyThrottled(wait)

内置频率限制类:
内置频率限制类
BaseThrottle是所有类的基类:方法:def get_ident(self, request)获取标识,其实就是获取ip,自定义的需要继承它

AnonRateThrottle:未登录用户ip限制,需要配合auth模块用

SimpleRateThrottle:重写此方法,可以实现频率现在,不需要咱们手写上面自定义的逻辑

UserRateThrottle:登录用户频率限制,这个得配合auth模块来用

ScopedRateThrottle:应用在局部视图上的(忽略)

四 内置频率类及全局使用

REST_FRAMEWORK = {
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_CLASSES':['app01.utils.VisitThrottle',],
    'DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES':{
        'luffy':'3/m'
    }
}

五 源码分析

复制代码

    def check_throttles(self, request):
        for throttle in self.get_throttles():
            if not throttle.allow_request(request, self):
                self.throttled(request, throttle.wait())
    def throttled(self, request, wait):
        #抛异常,可以自定义异常,实现错误信息的中文显示
        raise exceptions.Throttled(wait)
复制代码



复制代码
class SimpleRateThrottle(BaseThrottle):
    # 咱自己写的放在了全局变量,他的在django的缓存中
    cache = default_cache
    # 获取当前时间,跟咱写的一样
    timer = time.time
    # 做了一个字符串格式化,
    cache_format = 'throttle_%(scope)s_%(ident)s'
    scope = None
    # 从配置文件中取DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES,所以咱配置文件中应该配置,否则报错
    THROTTLE_RATES = api_settings.DEFAULT_THROTTLE_RATES
def __init__(self):
    if not getattr(self, 'rate', None):
        # 从配置文件中找出scope配置的名字对应的值,比如咱写的‘3/m’,他取出来
        self.rate = self.get_rate()
    #     解析'3/m',解析成 3      m
    self.num_requests, self.duration = self.parse_rate(self.rate)
# 这个方法需要重写
def get_cache_key(self, request, view):
    """
    Should return a unique cache-key which can be used for throttling.
    Must be overridden.

    May return `None` if the request should not be throttled.
    """
    raise NotImplementedError('.get_cache_key() must be overridden')

def get_rate(self):
    if not getattr(self, 'scope', None):
        msg = ("You must set either `.scope` or `.rate` for '%s' throttle" %
               self.__class__.__name__)
        raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg)

    try:
        # 获取在setting里配置的字典中的之,self.scope是 咱写的luffy
        return self.THROTTLE_RATES[self.scope]
    except KeyError:
        msg = "No default throttle rate set for '%s' scope" % self.scope
        raise ImproperlyConfigured(msg)
# 解析 3/m这种传参
def parse_rate(self, rate):
    """
    Given the request rate string, return a two tuple of:
    <allowed number of requests>, <period of time in seconds>
    """
    if rate is None:
        return (None, None)
    num, period = rate.split('/')
    num_requests = int(num)
    # 只取了第一位,也就是 3/mimmmmmmm也是代表一分钟
    duration = {'s': 1, 'm': 60, 'h': 3600, 'd': 86400}[period[0]]
    return (num_requests, duration)
# 逻辑跟咱自定义的相同
def allow_request(self, request, view):
    """
    Implement the check to see if the request should be throttled.

    On success calls `throttle_success`.
    On failure calls `throttle_failure`.
    """
    if self.rate is None:
        return True

    self.key = self.get_cache_key(request, view)
    if self.key is None:
        return True

    self.history = self.cache.get(self.key, [])
    self.now = self.timer()

    # Drop any requests from the history which have now passed the
    # throttle duration
    while self.history and self.history[-1] <= self.now - self.duration:
        self.history.pop()
    if len(self.history) >= self.num_requests:
        return self.throttle_failure()
    return self.throttle_success()
# 成功返回true,并且插入到缓存中
def throttle_success(self):
    """
    Inserts the current request's timestamp along with the key
    into the cache.
    """
    self.history.insert(0, self.now)
    self.cache.set(self.key, self.history, self.duration)
    return True
# 失败返回false
def throttle_failure(self):
    """
    Called when a request to the API has failed due to throttling.
    """
    return False

def wait(self):
    """
    Returns the recommended next request time in seconds.
    """
    if self.history:
        remaining_duration = self.duration - (self.now - self.history[-1])
    else:
        remaining_duration = self.duration

    available_requests = self.num_requests - len(self.history) + 1
    if available_requests <= 0:
        return None

    return remaining_duration / float(available_requests)
复制代码
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