Android调用系统自带的文件管理器获取图片绝对路径

1、跳转到文件选择器进行文件选择

Intent intent = new Intent(Intent.ACTION_GET_CONTENT);
intent.addCategory(Intent.CATEGORY_OPENABLE);
intent.setType("*/*");
startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_SELECT_FILE);

2、在onActivityResult中对返回的数据进行处理

@Override
protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {

        super.onActivityResult(requestCode, resultCode, data);
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_SELECT_FILE && resultCode == RESULT_OK && data != null) {
            if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_DENIED) {
                showAlertDialog("打开文件失败，请允许读写手机储存。",
                        new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                            @Override
                            public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                                dialog.dismiss();
                                ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(MainActivity.this,
                                        new String[]{Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE}, 1);
                            }
                        });
            } else {
                String imgPath = getImageAbsolutePath(this, data.getData());
                Log.e("图片路径", "onActivityResult: " + imgPath);
            }
        }

}


/**
     * 提示对话框，带有“确定”按钮
     *
     * @param message  提示内容
     * @param listener “确定”按钮的点击监听器
     */
private void showAlertDialog(String message, DialogInterface.OnClickListener listener) {
        AlertDialog dialog = new AlertDialog.Builder(this).setMessage(message)
                .setPositiveButton("确定", listener).create();
        dialog.setCanceledOnTouchOutside(false);
        dialog.show();
}

3、根据URI获取图片绝对路径

/**
     * 根据Uri获取图片绝对路径.
     *
     * @param context  上下文
     * @param imageUri 图片的Uri
     * @return 图片绝对路径
     */
    public static String getImageAbsolutePath(Activity context, Uri imageUri) {
        if (context == null || imageUri == null)
            return null;
        if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= android.os.Build.VERSION_CODES.KITKAT && DocumentsContract.isDocumentUri(context, imageUri)) {
            if (isExternalStorageDocument(imageUri)) {
                String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
                String[] split = docId.split(":");
                String type = split[0];
                if ("primary".equalsIgnoreCase(type)) {
                    return Environment.getExternalStorageDirectory() + "/" + split[1];
                }
            } else if (isDownloadsDocument(imageUri)) {
                String id = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
                Uri contentUri = ContentUris.withAppendedId(Uri.parse("content://downloads/public_downloads"), Long.parseLong(id));
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, null, null);
            } else if (isMediaDocument(imageUri)) {
                String docId = DocumentsContract.getDocumentId(imageUri);
                String[] split = docId.split(":");
                String type = split[0];
                Uri contentUri = null;
                if ("image".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Images.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("video".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Video.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                } else if ("audio".equals(type)) {
                    contentUri = MediaStore.Audio.Media.EXTERNAL_CONTENT_URI;
                }
                String selection = MediaStore.Images.Media._ID + "=?";
                String[] selectionArgs = new String[]{split[1]};
                return getDataColumn(context, contentUri, selection, selectionArgs);
            }
        } // MediaStore (and general)
        else if ("content".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
            // Return the remote address
            if (isGooglePhotosUri(imageUri))
                return imageUri.getLastPathSegment();
            return getDataColumn(context, imageUri, null, null);
        }
        // File
        else if ("file".equalsIgnoreCase(imageUri.getScheme())) {
            return imageUri.getPath();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * 从本地设备数据库查询数据.
     *
     * @param context       上下文
     * @param uri           内容提供者的标识
     * @param selection     设置条件，相当于SQL语句中的where
     * @param selectionArgs 条件值
     * @return 查询结果
     */
    public static String getDataColumn(Context context, Uri uri, String selection, String[] selectionArgs) {
        Cursor cursor = null;
        String column = MediaStore.Images.Media.DATA;
        String[] projection = {column};  //告诉Provider要返回的内容（列Column）
        try {
            cursor = context.getContentResolver().query(uri, projection, selection, selectionArgs, null);
            if (cursor != null && cursor.moveToFirst()) {
                int index = cursor.getColumnIndexOrThrow(column);
                return cursor.getString(index);
            }
        } finally {
            if (cursor != null)
                cursor.close();
        }
        return null;
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is ExternalStorageProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isExternalStorageDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.externalstorage.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is DownloadsProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isDownloadsDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.downloads.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is MediaProvider.
     */
    public static boolean isMediaDocument(Uri uri) {
        return "com.android.providers.media.documents".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

    /**
     * @param uri The Uri to check.
     * @return Whether the Uri authority is Google Photos.
     */
    public static boolean isGooglePhotosUri(Uri uri) {
        return "com.google.android.apps.photos.content".equals(uri.getAuthority());
    }

注意：给文件读写权限

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE" />