JAVA_GUI编程

GUI编程

• 图形界面编程

  组件

  • 窗口
  • 弹窗
  • 面板
  • 文本框、列表框、按钮、图片
  • 监听事件
  • 外挂java

简介

• GUI：核心类Swing AWT

• 需要jre环境

• MVC架构的监听基础

AWT

AWT介紹

• 包含了很多类和接口

• 包含很多元素：窗口、按钮、文本框

• 重要组件component

  [外链图片转存失败,源站可能有防盗链机制,建议将图片保存下来直接上传(img-JBKIM2Pl-1635843645668)(C:\Users\DELL\AppData\Roaming\Typora\typora-user-images\image-20211031090220509.png)]

组件和容器

1、窗口Frame

public class GuiFrame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //创建一个窗口
        Frame frame = new Frame();

        //设置一个标签
        frame.setTitle("测试窗口");

        //设置背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(Color.CYAN);
        
        //设置长宽
        frame.setSize(400, 400);

        //设置位置
        frame.setLocation(200 ,200);

        //设置是否可调整大小
        frame.setResizable(true);

        //可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);
    }
}

添加多个窗口，继承Frame类

import java.awt.*;

public class MyFrame extends Frame {

    private static int id;
    public MyFrame(String title , int x , int y , int w , int h) throws HeadlessException {
        super("我的第"+(++id)+"个窗口:"+title);
        setBackground(Color.GREEN);
        setBounds(x,y,w,h);  //设置坐标长宽、位置
        setVisible(true);
        setResizable(true);
    }

}
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyFrame("窗口1"  , 100 , 100 ,200 , 200);
        new MyFrame("窗口2"  , 300 , 100 ,200 , 200);
        new MyFrame("窗口3"  , 500 , 100 ,200 , 200);
        new MyFrame("窗口4"  , 700 , 100 ,200 , 200);
    }

2、面板Panel

• 存在于一个窗口中，功能跟frame类似
• 存一个布局的概念
• 23种设计模式：适配器模式

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class TestPanel {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        //新建一个窗口
        Frame frame = new Frame();
        //新建一个面板
        Panel panel = new Panel();

        frame.setTitle("panel面板窗口");
        //设置一个布局
        frame.setLayout(null);

        //设置窗口长宽位置
        frame.setBounds(200 , 200 ,500 ,500);
        //设置窗口背景颜色
        frame.setBackground(new Color(98, 217, 115, 255));

        //设置面板背景颜色
        panel.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        //设置面板位置大小
        panel.setBounds(50 ,50 ,200,200);

        //添加面板到特定的窗口
        frame.add(panel);

        //设置窗口可见性
        frame.setVisible(true);


        //添加窗口关闭事件
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0); //退出
            }
        });
    }
}

3、三种布局

• 流式布局

• 东南西北中

• 表格布局

  import java.awt.*;
  import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
  import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;
  
  public class AllLayout {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
  
          Frame frame = new Frame("布局组合样式");
          frame.setBackground(Color.BLUE);
  
          Panel panel1 = new Panel();
          Panel panel2 = new Panel();
          Panel panel3 = new Panel();
          panel1.setBackground(Color.blue);
          panel2.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
          panel3.setBackground(Color.GRAY);
  
          Button button1 = new Button("菜单栏1");
          Button button2 = new Button("菜单栏2");
          Button button3 = new Button("左边栏1");
          Button button4 = new Button("左边栏2");
          Button button5 = new Button("中间栏1");
          Button button6 = new Button("中间栏2");
  
          //设置frame为东西南北中布局
          frame.setLayout( new BorderLayout());
  
          //先2格子里添加组件面板
          frame.add(panel1, BorderLayout.NORTH);
          frame.add(panel2,BorderLayout.WEST);
          frame.add(panel3,BorderLayout.CENTER);
  
          //面板一添加流式布局
          panel1.setLayout(new FlowLayout());
          panel1.add(button1);
          panel1.add(button2);
          //添加表格布局
          panel2.setLayout( new GridLayout(2,1));
          panel2.add(button3);
          panel2.add(button4);
  
          panel3.setLayout(new FlowLayout(FlowLayout.LEFT));
          panel3.add(button5);
          panel3.add(button6);
  
  
  
  
          frame.setVisible(true);
          frame.setBounds(100,100,800,800);
  //        frame.pack();  //自动化适应大小
          //添加窗口关闭事件
          frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
              @Override
              public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                  System.exit(0); //退出
              }
          });
      }
  }
  

4、事件监听

事件监听：当事件发生时候，干什么

button按钮事件监听

//按钮的事件监听
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class MyTestAction {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        Frame frame = new Frame("事件监听");

        Button start = new Button("start");
        Button stop = new Button("stop");

        frame.setLayout(new BorderLayout());
        frame.add(start , BorderLayout.NORTH);
        frame.add(stop , BorderLayout.SOUTH);

        start.addActionListener(new MyMonitor());
        stop.addActionListener(new MyMonitor());
        frame.pack();

        frame.setVisible(true);

        windowsClose(frame);
    }

    //将关闭窗口功能抽成方法
    public static void windowsClose(Frame frame){
        frame.addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

//添加一个监听器
class MyMonitor implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        System.out.println("消息为：" + e.getActionCommand());
    }
}

TextField事件实现

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;


public class TextFileAction {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        new MyFrame();
    }
}

class MyFrame extends Frame{

    public MyFrame() throws HeadlessException {
        super();
        setVisible(true);
        TextField textField = new TextField();
        add(textField);
        textField.addActionListener(new MyTextFileListen());    //TextFile添加监听事件
        pack();
    }
}

class MyTextFileListen implements ActionListener {
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        TextField field = (TextField) e.getSource();	//拿到监听器传入的资源
        System.out.println(field.getText()); 			//将输入框中的消息输出
        field.setText(""); 							 	//将输入框中的消息清空
    }
}

组合+内部类实现简单计算器

//简单的流程性写法
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Calculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyCalculator();
    }
}

class MyCalculator extends Frame{

    public MyCalculator() throws HeadlessException {
        super();
        TextField field1 = new TextField();
        TextField field2 = new TextField();
        TextField field3 = new TextField("和");
        Label label = new Label("+");
        Button button = new Button("=");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(field1);
        add(label);
        add(field2);
        add(button);
        add(field3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);

        button.addActionListener( new MyCalculatorListen(field1,field2,field3));
    }
}

class MyCalculatorListen implements ActionListener{


    private TextField num1,num2,num3;
    public MyCalculatorListen(TextField num1,TextField num2,TextField num3) {
        this.num1 = num1;
        this.num2 = num2;
        this.num3 = num3;
    }

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(num1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(num2.getText());

        num3.setText("" + (n1+n2));

        num1.setText("");
        num2.setText("");
    }
}

//组合思想调用，类的封装调用
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Calculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyCalculator();
    }
}

class MyCalculator extends Frame{

    TextField field1;
    TextField field2;
    TextField field3;
    public MyCalculator() throws HeadlessException {
        super();
        field1 = new TextField();
        field2 = new TextField();
        field3 = new TextField("和");
        Label label = new Label("+");
        Button button = new Button("=");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(field1);
        add(label);
        add(field2);
        add(button);
        add(field3);

        pack();
        setVisible(true);

        button.addActionListener( new MyCalculatorListen(this));
    }
}

class MyCalculatorListen implements ActionListener{
    private MyCalculator calculator = null;
    public MyCalculatorListen(MyCalculator calculator) {
        this.calculator = calculator;
    }
    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        int n1 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.field1.getText());
        int n2 = Integer.parseInt(calculator.field2.getText());

        calculator.field3.setText(""+(n1+n2));
        calculator.field2.setText("");
        calculator.field1.setText("");


    }
}

//运用内部类的思想，将其封装在一个类中。公司中开发
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Calculator {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyCalculator().loacdForm();
    }
}

class MyCalculator extends Frame{

    TextField field1;
    TextField field2;
    TextField field3;    
    public void loacdForm() throws HeadlessException {        
        field1 = new TextField();
        field2 = new TextField();
        field3 = new TextField("和");
        Label label = new Label("+");
        Button button = new Button("=");

        setLayout(new FlowLayout());
        add(field1);
        add(label);
        add(field2);
        add(button);
        add(field3);
        pack();
        setVisible(true);
        button.addActionListener( new MyCalculatorListen());
    }
    private class MyCalculatorListen implements ActionListener {
        @Override
        public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
            int n1 = Integer.parseInt(field1.getText());
            int n2 = Integer.parseInt(field2.getText());
            field3.setText("" + (n1 + n2));
            field2.setText("");
            field1.setText("");
        }
    }
}

5、paint画笔

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.MouseAdapter;
import java.awt.event.MouseEvent;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Iterator;

public class Paint {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyPaint();
    }
}

class MyPaint extends Frame {

    private ArrayList points;

    public MyPaint() throws HeadlessException {

        setBackground(Color.white);
        setBounds(100, 100, 500, 500);

        setVisible(true);

        points = new ArrayList<>();
        this.addMouseListener(new MyMouseListen());
    }

    @Override
    public void paint(Graphics g) {
        Iterator iterator = points.iterator();   //使用迭代器，进行循环迭代
        while(iterator.hasNext()){
            Point point = (Point) iterator.next();
            g.setColor(Color.BLUE);
            System.out.println(point.x + "===" + point.y);
            g.fillOval(point.x , point.y , 10,10);
        }
    }

    public void addPaint(Point point){
        points.add(point);
    }

    private class MyMouseListen extends MouseAdapter {
        @Override
        public void mouseClicked(MouseEvent e) {
            //拿到 鼠标所在的Frame
            MyPaint frame = (MyPaint) e.getSource();
            //点击一下产生一个点
            frame.addPaint(new Point(e.getX(),e.getY()));
            //重画窗口
            repaint();
        }
    }
}

6、窗口监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.WindowAdapter;
import java.awt.event.WindowEvent;

public class Windowed {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyWindows();
    }
}

class MyWindows extends Frame{

    public MyWindows() throws HeadlessException {
        setBackground(Color.BLUE);
        setBounds(100,100,500,500);

        setVisible(true);
        addWindowListener(new WindowAdapter() {
            //窗口被激活时监听
            @Override
            public void windowActivated(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("窗口被打开");
            }
            //窗口被关闭时监听
            @Override
            public void windowClosing(WindowEvent e) {
                System.out.println("窗口被关闭");
                System.exit(0);
            }
        });
    }
}

7、键盘监听

import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.KeyAdapter;
import java.awt.event.KeyEvent;

public class KeyWord {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyKeyWord();
    }
}

class MyKeyWord extends Frame{
    public MyKeyWord() throws HeadlessException {

        setBackground(Color.GREEN);
        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        setVisible(true);

        this.addKeyListener(new KeyAdapter() {
            @Override
            public void keyPressed(KeyEvent e) {
                //获取键盘键位对应KeyCode
                int keyCode = e.getKeyCode();
                if (keyCode == KeyEvent.VK_UP){
                    System.out.println("你按住了上键");
                }
            }
        });
    }
}

Swing

Swing简介

• AWT的封装类，含有窗口和面板等

• 窗口中添加container容器，在容器你操作窗体效果

  import javax.swing.*;
  import java.awt.*;
  
  public class Jframed {
      public static void main(String[] args) {
          new MyJframe().init();
      }
  }
  
  class MyJframe extends JFrame{
      protected void init() {
          setBounds(100 ,100 ,500,500);
          //创建一个JLabel标签
          JLabel label = new JLabel("这是JLabel");
          add(label);
          //标签居中
          label.setHorizontalAlignment(SwingConstants.CENTER);
          //得到一个container容器，操作JFrame
          Container container = getContentPane();
          container.setBackground(Color.GREEN);
          //设置一个窗口关闭
          setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
          setVisible(true);
      }
  }
  

弹窗

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.awt.event.ActionEvent;
import java.awt.event.ActionListener;

public class Dailogs {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new MyDailog();
    }
}
class MyDailog extends JFrame{

    public MyDailog() throws HeadlessException {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(600,700);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(null);
        JButton jButton = new JButton("点击弹出一个对话框");
        jButton.setBounds(30,30,100,50);
        jButton.addActionListener( new MyDialogListener());
        contentPane.add(jButton);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}
class MyDialogListener implements ActionListener{

    @Override
    public void actionPerformed(ActionEvent e) {
        new MyDialogListenered();
    }
}

class MyDialogListenered extends JDialog{       //弹窗实现类
    public MyDialogListenered() {
        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setBounds(200,200,400,400);
        //this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);   弹窗组件已经默认实现
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.add( new JLabel("重走JAVA这条路"));

    }
}

标签

//在标签中添加图标Icon

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class IconDemo extends JFrame implements Icon {

    private int width;
    private int height;

    public IconDemo() {}

    public IconDemo(int width, int height) throws HeadlessException {
        this.width = width;
        this.height = height;
    }

    public void init(){
        IconDemo iconDemo = new IconDemo(15, 15);
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontext", iconDemo, SwingConstants.CENTER);

        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(label);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
    }
    @Override
    public void paintIcon(Component c, Graphics g, int x, int y) {
        g.fillOval(x,y,width,height);
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconWidth() {
        return this.width;
    }

    @Override
    public int getIconHeight() {
        return this.height;
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new IconDemo().init();
    }
}

//添加图片Icon
    public void init(){
        JLabel label = new JLabel("icontext",SwingConstants.CENTER);

        URL url = IconDemo.class.getResource("head.jpg");              	//获取图片Url
        ImageIcon imageIcon = new ImageIcon(url);						//得到图片Icon
        label.setIcon(imageIcon);
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.add(label);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
        this.setBounds(100,100,500,500);
    }

面板

import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {

    public JPanelDemo() {
        setVisible(true);
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        contentPane.setLayout(new GridLayout(2,1,10,10));

        JPanel panel1 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 2));
        JPanel panel2 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(2, 1));
        JPanel panel3 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 2));
        JPanel panel4 = new JPanel(new GridLayout(1, 5));

        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel1.add(new JButton("1"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel2.add(new JButton("2"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("3"));
        panel3.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));
        panel4.add(new JButton("4"));

        contentPane.add(panel1);
        contentPane.add(panel2);
        contentPane.add(panel3);
        contentPane.add(panel4);

        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        contentPane.setBounds(100,100,1000,1000);
        contentPane.setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

文本域和JScroll面板

//生成一个文本域，将其交路到JScroll面板中，根据窗口大小自动适应添加滚动条
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class JPanelDemo extends JFrame {

    public JPanelDemo() {
        setVisible(true);
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

        //创建一个文本域
        JTextArea jTextArea = new JTextArea(20, 30);
        //设置初始默认文本
        jTextArea.setText("快到我这里来");

        //添加文本域到一个面板中
        JScrollPane jScrollPane = new JScrollPane(jTextArea);
        //添加面板组件
        contentPane.add(jScrollPane);
        setBounds(100,100,500,500);
        contentPane.setBounds(100,100,1000,1000);
        contentPane.setVisible(true);
        setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JPanelDemo();
    }
}

按钮

//图片按钮实现
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtons extends JFrame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtons(); 
    }

    public JButtons() {
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();
        URL url = JButtons.class.getResource("head.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);
        JButton jButton = new JButton();
        jButton.setIcon(icon);
        jButton.setToolTipText("这是图片按钮");

        contentPane.add(jButton);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

//单选按钮
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.net.URL;

public class JButtoned extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new JButtoned();
    }

    public JButtoned() throws HeadlessException {

        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

        //将图片变成一个图标
        URL url = JButtons.class.getResource("head.jpg");
        Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

        //新建一个单选框按钮
        JRadioButton jRadioButton01 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton01");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton02 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton02");
        JRadioButton jRadioButton03 = new JRadioButton("JRadioButton03");

        //创建一个button组
        ButtonGroup buttonGroup = new ButtonGroup();

        //给组中添加单选按钮
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton01);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton02);
        buttonGroup.add(jRadioButton03);

        contentPane.setLayout(new BorderLayout());

        contentPane.add(jRadioButton01 ,BorderLayout.SOUTH);
        contentPane.add(jRadioButton03 ,BorderLayout.NORTH);
        contentPane.add(jRadioButton02 ,BorderLayout.CENTER);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

//创建多选按钮
public JButtoned() throws HeadlessException {

    Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

    //将图片变成一个图标
    URL url = JButtons.class.getResource("head.jpg");
    Icon icon = new ImageIcon(url);

    //创建多选框
    JCheckBox jCheckBox01 = new JCheckBox("JCheckBox01");
    JCheckBox jCheckBox02 = new JCheckBox("JCheckBox02");

    //添加流式布局
    contentPane.setLayout(new FlowLayout());

    contentPane.add(jCheckBox01);
    contentPane.add(jCheckBox02);

    this.setVisible(true);
    this.setSize(500,500);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}

下拉框和列表框

//实现下拉框
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;

public class Comboboxs extends JFrame {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new Comboboxs();
    }

    public Comboboxs() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

        JComboBox jComboBox = new JComboBox();

        jComboBox.addItem(null);
        jComboBox.addItem("正在上映");
        jComboBox.addItem("已下架");
        jComboBox.addItem("正在热映");

        contentPane.add(jComboBox);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}

//实现列表框
public Comboboxs() throws HeadlessException {
    Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

    //线程安全的list集合
    Vector<String> vector = new Vector<>();
    //创建列表框
    JList jList = new JList(vector);

    //添加数据
    vector.add("张三");
    vector.add("李四");
    vector.add("王五");
    vector.add("马六");

    //添加组件
    contentPane.add(jList);

    this.setVisible(true);
    this.setSize(500,500);
    this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
}

文本框和密码框

//文本框和密码框使用
import javax.swing.*;
import java.awt.*;
import java.util.Vector;

public class TextFiles extends JFrame {
    public static void main(String[] args) {
        new TextFiles();
    }

    public TextFiles() throws HeadlessException {
        Container contentPane = this.getContentPane();

        contentPane.setLayout(null);							//使用绝对布局
        JTextField textField = new JTextField("用户名");    			//新建一个文本框
        JPasswordField passwordField = new JPasswordField();	   	  //新建一个密码框
        passwordField.setEchoChar('&');

        textField.setBounds(50,50,100,30);
        passwordField.setBounds(50,100,100,30);
        
        contentPane.add(textField);
        contentPane.add(passwordField);

        this.setVisible(true);
        this.setSize(500,500);
        this.setDefaultCloseOperation(WindowConstants.EXIT_ON_CLOSE);
    }
}