Netty之Buffer(二)ByteBufAllocator

ByteBufAllocator是ByteBuf的分配器,负责创建ByteBuf对象,他主要有三个子类:

  1. PreferHeapByteBufAllocator ,倾向创建 Heap ByteBuf 的分配器。
  2. PooledByteBufAllocator ,基于内存池的 ByteBuf 的分配器。
  3. UnpooledByteBufAllocator ,普通的 ByteBuf 的分配器。
    这里先看PreferHeapByteBufAllocator。

buffer() 方法,创建一个 ByteBuf 对象。实现类决定具体创建的是 Heap ByteBuf 还是 Direct ByteBuf 。

/**
 * Allocate a {@link ByteBuf}. If it is a direct or heap buffer
 * depends on the actual implementation.
 */
ByteBuf buffer();
ByteBuf buffer(int initialCapacity);
ByteBuf buffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity);

ioBuffer() 方法,创建一个用于 IO 操作的 ByteBuf 对象。
对于 IO 操作来说,倾向于 Direct ByteBuf ,性能更优。

/**
 * Allocate a {@link ByteBuf}, preferably a direct buffer which is suitable for I/O.
 */
ByteBuf ioBuffer();
ByteBuf ioBuffer(int initialCapacity);
ByteBuf ioBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity);

heapBuffer() 方法,创建一个 Heap Buffer 对象:

/**
 * Allocate a heap {@link ByteBuf}.
 */
ByteBuf heapBuffer();
ByteBuf heapBuffer(int initialCapacity);
ByteBuf heapBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity);

directBuffer() 方法,创建一个 Direct Buffer 对象:

/**
 * Allocate a direct {@link ByteBuf} with the given initial capacity.
 */
ByteBuf directBuffer(int initialCapacity);
ByteBuf directBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity);
CompositeByteBuf compositeBuffer();

compositeBuffer() 方法,创建一个 Composite ByteBuf 对象。实现类决定具体创建的是 Heap ByteBuf 还是 Direct ByteBuf :

/**
 * Allocate a {@link CompositeByteBuf}.
 * If it is a direct or heap buffer depends on the actual implementation.
 */
CompositeByteBuf compositeBuffer();
CompositeByteBuf compositeBuffer(int maxNumComponents);

compositeHeapBuffer() 方法,创建一个 Composite Heap ByteBuf 对象:

/**
 * Allocate a heap {@link CompositeByteBuf}.
 */
CompositeByteBuf compositeHeapBuffer();
CompositeByteBuf compositeHeapBuffer(int maxNumComponents);

compositeDirectBuffer(…) 方法,创建一个 Composite Direct ByteBuf 对象:

/**
 * Allocate a direct {@link CompositeByteBuf}.
 */
CompositeByteBuf compositeDirectBuffer();
CompositeByteBuf compositeDirectBuffer(int maxNumComponents);

isDirectBufferPooled() 方法,是否基于 Direct ByteBuf 对象池:

/**
 * Returns {@code true} if direct {@link ByteBuf}'s are pooled
 */
boolean isDirectBufferPooled();

calculateNewCapacity(int minNewCapacity, int maxCapacity) 方法,在 ByteBuf 扩容时,计算新的容量,该容量的值在 [minNewCapacity, maxCapacity] 范围内:

/**
 * Calculate the new capacity of a {@link ByteBuf} that is used when a {@link ByteBuf} needs to expand by the
 * {@code minNewCapacity} with {@code maxCapacity} as upper-bound.
 */
int calculateNewCapacity(int minNewCapacity, int maxCapacity);

AbstractByteBufAllocator,实现 ByteBufAllocator 接口及ByteBufAllocator 抽象实现类,为 PooledByteBufAllocator 和 UnpooledByteBufAllocator 提供公共的方法。
构造方法:

/**
 * 是否倾向创建 Direct ByteBuf
 */
private final boolean directByDefault;
/**
 * 空 ByteBuf 缓存
 */
private final ByteBuf emptyBuf;

/**
 * Instance use heap buffers by default
 */
protected AbstractByteBufAllocator() {
    this(false);
}

/**
 * Create new instance
 *
 * @param preferDirect {@code true} if {@link #buffer(int)} should try to allocate a direct buffer rather than
 *                     a heap buffer
 */
protected AbstractByteBufAllocator(boolean preferDirect) {
    directByDefault = preferDirect && PlatformDependent.hasUnsafe(); // 支持 Unsafe
    emptyBuf = new EmptyByteBuf(this);
}

directByDefault 属性: 是否倾向创建 Direct ByteBuf 。有一个前提是需要支持 Unsafe 操作。
emptyBuf 属性:空 ByteBuf 缓存对象。用于 buffer() 等方法,创建空 ByteBuf 对象时。

buffer:
根据 directByDefault 的值,调用 directBuffer() 方法,还是调用 heapBuffer() 方法。

@Override
public ByteBuf buffer() {
    if (directByDefault) {
        return directBuffer();
    }
    return heapBuffer();
}
@Override
public ByteBuf buffer(int initialCapacity) {
    if (directByDefault) {
        return directBuffer(initialCapacity);
    }
    return heapBuffer(initialCapacity);
}
@Override
public ByteBuf buffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
    if (directByDefault) {
        return directBuffer(initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
    }
    return heapBuffer(initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
}

ioBuffer:
根据是否支持 Unsafe 操作的情况,调用 directBuffer() 方法,还是调用 heapBuffer() 方法。

/**
 * 默认容量大小
 */
static final int DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY = 256;

@Override
public ByteBuf ioBuffer() {
    if (PlatformDependent.hasUnsafe()) {
        return directBuffer(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
    }
    return heapBuffer(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY);
}

@Override
public ByteBuf ioBuffer(int initialCapacity) {
    if (PlatformDependent.hasUnsafe()) {
        return directBuffer(initialCapacity);
    }
    return heapBuffer(initialCapacity);
}

@Override
public ByteBuf ioBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
    if (PlatformDependent.hasUnsafe()) {
        return directBuffer(initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
    }
    return heapBuffer(initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
}

heapBuffer

/**
 * 默认最大容量大小,无限。
 */
static final int DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY = Integer.MAX_VALUE;

@Override
public ByteBuf heapBuffer() {
    return heapBuffer(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY);
}

@Override
public ByteBuf heapBuffer(int initialCapacity) {
    return heapBuffer(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY);
}

@Override
public ByteBuf heapBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
    // 空 ByteBuf 对象
    if (initialCapacity == 0 && maxCapacity == 0) {
        return emptyBuf;
    }
    validate(initialCapacity, maxCapacity); // 校验容量的参数
    // 创建 Heap ByteBuf 对象
    return newHeapBuffer(initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
}

最终调用 newHeapBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) 抽象方法,创建 Heap ByteBuf 对象。因为是否基于对象池的方式,创建 Heap ByteBuf 对象的实现会不同,所以需要抽象。:

/**
 * Create a heap {@link ByteBuf} with the given initialCapacity and maxCapacity.
 */
protected abstract ByteBuf newHeapBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity);

directBuffer:

@Override
public ByteBuf directBuffer() {
    return directBuffer(DEFAULT_INITIAL_CAPACITY, DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY);
}

@Override
public ByteBuf directBuffer(int initialCapacity) {
    return directBuffer(initialCapacity, DEFAULT_MAX_CAPACITY);
}

@Override
public ByteBuf directBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
    // 空 ByteBuf 对象
    if (initialCapacity == 0 && maxCapacity == 0) {
        return emptyBuf;
    }
    validate(initialCapacity, maxCapacity); // 校验容量的参数
    // 创建 Direct ByteBuf 对象
    return newDirectBuffer(initialCapacity, maxCapacity);
}

最终调用 newDirectBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity) 抽象方法,创建 Direct ByteBuf 对象,因为是否基于对象池的方式,创建 Direct ByteBuf 对象的实现会不同,所以需要抽象。:

/**
 * Create a direct {@link ByteBuf} with the given initialCapacity and maxCapacity.
 */
protected abstract ByteBuf newDirectBuffer(int initialCapacity, int maxCapacity);

compositeBuffer,根据 directByDefault 的值,调用compositeDirectBuffer() 方法,还是调用 compositeHeapBuffer() 方法。:

@Override
public CompositeByteBuf compositeBuffer() {
    if (directByDefault) {
        return compositeDirectBuffer();
    }
    return compositeHeapBuffer();
}

@Override
public CompositeByteBuf compositeBuffer(int maxNumComponents) {
    if (directByDefault) {
        return compositeDirectBuffer(maxNumComponents);
    }
    return compositeHeapBuffer(maxNumComponents);
}

compositeHeapBuffer,创建 CompositeByteBuf 对象,并且方法参数 direct 为 false ,表示 Heap 类型。调用 toLeakAwareBuffer(CompositeByteBuf) 方法,装饰成 LeakAware 的 ByteBuf 对象。:

/**
 * Composite ByteBuf 可包含的 ByteBuf 的最大数量
 */
static final int DEFAULT_MAX_COMPONENTS = 16;

@Override
public CompositeByteBuf compositeHeapBuffer() {
    return compositeHeapBuffer(DEFAULT_MAX_COMPONENTS);
}

@Override
public CompositeByteBuf compositeHeapBuffer(int maxNumComponents) {
    return toLeakAwareBuffer(new CompositeByteBuf(this, false, maxNumComponents));
}

compositeDirectBuffer:

@Override
public CompositeByteBuf compositeDirectBuffer() {
    return compositeDirectBuffer(DEFAULT_MAX_COMPONENTS);
}

@Override
public CompositeByteBuf compositeDirectBuffer(int maxNumComponents) {
    return toLeakAwareBuffer(new CompositeByteBuf(this, true, maxNumComponents));
}

创建 CompositeByteBuf 对象,并且方法参数 direct 为 true ,表示 Direct 类型。
调用 toLeakAwareBuffer(CompositeByteBuf) 方法,装饰成 LeakAware 的 ByteBuf 对象。
calculateNewCapacity:

/**
 * 扩容分界线,4M
 */
static final int CALCULATE_THRESHOLD = 1048576 * 4; // 4 MiB page

 @Override
 public int calculateNewCapacity(int minNewCapacity, int maxCapacity) {
     if (minNewCapacity < 0) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException("minNewCapacity: " + minNewCapacity + " (expected: 0+)");
     }
     if (minNewCapacity > maxCapacity) {
         throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
                 "minNewCapacity: %d (expected: not greater than maxCapacity(%d)",
                 minNewCapacity, maxCapacity));
     }
     final int threshold = CALCULATE_THRESHOLD; // 4 MiB page
 
     //  等于 threshold ,直接返回 threshold 。
     if (minNewCapacity == threshold) {
         return threshold;
     }
 
     //  超过 threshold ,增加 threshold ,不超过 maxCapacity 大小。
     // If over threshold, do not double but just increase by threshold.
     if (minNewCapacity > threshold) {
         int newCapacity = minNewCapacity / threshold * threshold;
         if (newCapacity > maxCapacity - threshold) { // 不超过 maxCapacity
             newCapacity = maxCapacity;
         } else {
             newCapacity += threshold;
         }
         return newCapacity;
     }
 
     //  未超过 threshold ,从 64 开始两倍计算,不超过 4M 大小。
     // Not over threshold. Double up to 4 MiB, starting from 64.
     int newCapacity = 64;
     while (newCapacity < minNewCapacity) {
         newCapacity <<= 1;
     }
     return Math.min(newCapacity, maxCapacity);
 }

PreferHeapByteBufAllocator,实现 ByteBufAllocator 接口,倾向创建 Heap ByteBuf 的分配器。所以buffer() 和 ioBuffer() 和 compositeBuffer() 方法,创建的都是 Heap ByteBuf 对象:

/**
 * 真正的分配器对象
 */
private final ByteBufAllocator allocator;

public PreferHeapByteBufAllocator(ByteBufAllocator allocator) {
    this.allocator = ObjectUtil.checkNotNull(allocator, "allocator");
}

@Override
public ByteBuf buffer() {
    return allocator.heapBuffer();
}

@Override
public ByteBuf ioBuffer() {
    return allocator.heapBuffer();
}

@Override
public CompositeByteBuf compositeBuffer() {
    return allocator.compositeHeapBuffer();
}
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