bilateral filter learning

bilateral_filter

$1.$ algrithm_introduction

$1.1$ gaussian_linear_filter

$1.1.1$ guassian_function

The Gaussian Linear Filter functin is the basic filter function at spacial denoising, though not function well at edge preserving. To apply, we need to do a set of steps.
First of all, I want to introduce the gaussian function, as follow.
$$G_{\sigma }(x)=ex{p}^{-\frac{x^2}{2{\sigma }^2}}\text{\hspace{1em}(1.1.1.1)}$$
maybe the unvisible expression is too difficult to understand, so we can plot gaussian function on MATLAB, code is given.
In the gragh, we can learn that guassian function empower a much larger value to the center part of the gragh, while empower a much smaller value to the surrouding areas.

$fig.1.1.1.1$ The right figure is guassian function plot on 2-dimension, the left fighre is guassian function plot on 3-dimension. The parameter $\sigma$ of gaussian function in left pic is $\sigma =0.2,0.4,0.6,0.8$. The parameter $\sigma$ of guassian function in right pic is $\sigma =2$.

%% plot 2-dimension gaussian-function
x = [-5: 0.1: 5];
gaussian = @(x, sigma) exp((-x.^2) ./ (2*sigma^2));
y = zeros(size(x));
figure(1);
for i = 1: 4
    y = gaussian(x, 0.2 * i);
    subplot(2, 2, i);
    plot(x, y);
end

%% plot 3-dimension gaussian-function
x = [-5: 0.1: 5];
map = zeros(size(x, 2), size(x, 2));
figure(2);
for i = 1: size(x, 2)
    for j = 1: size(x, 2)
        map(i, j) = x(i)^2 + x(j)^2;
    end
end
mesh(x, x, gaussian(map, 2));

$1.1.2$ apply guassian function to filter

It is avaliable to get the empower map through guassian function, then we can apply it to a filter to carry some computational photogragh task like denoising. Here we gave the filter epxpression as follow.
$$G_{\sigma }(f)(x)=\frac{1}{Z}\sum _y{G}_{\sigma }(x-y)f(y)\text{\hspace{1em}(1.1.2.1)}$$
In this function $Z={\sum }_y{G}_{\sigma }(y)$, always we standlize all value in $f(y)$ to make $Z=1$.
To understand expression $1.1.2.1$ , I want to have the aid of some concept in coputational photogragh. If we see $x$ as target pixel, which have some noise in it. To denoise it, we can reference the surrounding pixels to repower the value to pixel $x$. Moreover, we often apply surrounding pixels in a squre.
Suspend $va{l}_{m,n}$ is value matrix of pixel $x$'s surrounding pixels, $G_{m,n}$ is gaussian function matrix. Sum of $G_{m,n}$ equals $1$.Apply $G_{m,n}$ to $va{l}_{m,n}$, output the denoising temp martrix. After a series of steps, we can get the value of pixel $x$. Details as follow.
$$Guassian(x{)}_{m,n}=v$$