用Servlet输出简单的“hello severlet”

servlet原理图

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让servlet输出一句话的简单流程

1.继承HttpServlet类并重写doGet和doPost方法，输出信息

• 正常页面

public class helloServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //定义文件类型和网页编码
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        //定义中文显示
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");
        
        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();//获取输入流
        writer.print("hello Servlet!");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

• 自定义404页面

public class errorServlet extends HttpServlet {
    @Override
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        //定义文件类型和网页编码
        resp.setContentType("text/html");
        //定义中文显示
        resp.setCharacterEncoding("utf-8");

        PrintWriter writer = resp.getWriter();
        writer.print("<h1>页面不见啦</h1>");
    }

    @Override
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest req, HttpServletResponse resp) throws ServletException, IOException {
        super.doPost(req, resp);
    }
}

2.配置web.xml文件

<!--  注册servlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>helloServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>

  <!--  注册servlet-->
  <servlet>
    <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
    <servlet-class>errorServlet</servlet-class>
  </servlet>


  <!--  请求servlet路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>hello</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/hello</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

  <!--  请求servlet路径-->
  <servlet-mapping>
    <servlet-name>error</servlet-name>
    <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>
  </servlet-mapping>

• servlet-name为自定义
• servlet-class为java代码的包路径
• url-pattern为访问路径，访问时其前面会加在tomcat中自定义的虚拟路径
• 注意所有servlet注册步骤要在任意请求路径设置之上，否则会出现The content of element type “web-app” must match编译错误

3.启动tomcat后效果展示

• 输入非\hello访问则输出自定义404页面
  
  -输入http://localhost/s1/hello则可访问欢迎页面