ESP32通过MQTT协议接入ONENET

文章描述了如何使用ESP32微控制器通过MQTT协议连接到ONENET平台的过程,包括初始化WiFi连接,设置MQTT客户端,订阅和发布消息。通过代码示例展示了ESP32如何周期性地向指定主题推送信息并接收反馈,验证了通信链路的正常运行。

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一、说明

  1. 基于esp-idf-v4.4.2开发;
  2. 实现ESP32接入wifi;
  3. 实现ESP32通过MQTT协议连接ONENET;
  4. 实现ESP32订阅主题,周期性向该主题推送信息,并接收到自己推送到该主题的信息,即验证整个通信链路正常;

二、工程目录

工程目录

三、程序设计

  1. main.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stddef.h>
#include "nvs_flash.h"
#include "esp_event.h"
#include "esp_netif.h"
#include "esp_log.h"
#include "freertos/FreeRTOS.h"
#include "freertos/semphr.h"
#include "wifi.h"
#include "mqtt.h"


static const char *TAG = "MAIN";

void app_main(void)
{
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] Startup..");
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] Free memory: %d bytes", esp_get_free_heap_size());
    ESP_LOGI(TAG, "[APP] IDF version: %s", esp_get_idf_version());

    esp_log_level_set("*", ESP_LOG_INFO);

    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(nvs_flash_init());//初始化nvs flash
    wifi_init();
    while(1)
    {
        vTaskDelay(pdMS_TO_TICKS(2000));
        mqtt_data_publish();
    }
}
  1. wifi.c
#include "wifi.h"
#include "mqtt.h"
#include "esp_wifi.h"
#include "esp_event_loop.h"
#include "esp_log.h"

#define WIFI_SSID "********" // 你的WiFi名称
#define WIFI_PASS "********" // 你的WiFi密码

static const char *TAG = "WIFI";

static void wifi_event_handler(void* arg, esp_event_base_t event_base,
                               int32_t event_id, void* event_data)
{
    switch (event_id) {
        case WIFI_EVENT_STA_START:
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Connecting to %s", WIFI_SSID);
            esp_wifi_connect();
            break;
        case WIFI_EVENT_STA_CONNECTED:
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Connected to %s", WIFI_SSID);
            break;
        case WIFI_EVENT_STA_DISCONNECTED:
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Disconnected from %s", WIFI_SSID);
            esp_wifi_connect();
            break;
        case IP_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP:
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Got IP address");
            mqtt_app_init();
            break;
        default:
            break;
    }
}

void wifi_init(void)
{
    
    tcpip_adapter_init();// 初始化TCP/IP协议栈
    
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_loop_create_default());// 初始化WiFi事件处理程序
    
    wifi_init_config_t cfg = WIFI_INIT_CONFIG_DEFAULT();// 配置WiFi连接参数
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_init(&cfg));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_register(WIFI_EVENT, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, &wifi_event_handler, NULL));// 注册WiFi事件处理程序
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_event_handler_register(IP_EVENT, IP_EVENT_STA_GOT_IP, &wifi_event_handler, NULL));
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_mode(WIFI_MODE_STA));// 设置WiFi工作模式为Station模式
    
    wifi_config_t wifi_config = {// 配置WiFi连接信息
        .sta = {
            .ssid = WIFI_SSID,
            .password = WIFI_PASS,
        },
    };
    
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_set_config(WIFI_IF_STA, &wifi_config));// 设置WiFi连接信息
    ESP_ERROR_CHECK(esp_wifi_start());// 启动WiFi
}

  1. wifi.h
#ifndef __WIFI_H
#define __WIFI_H

void wifi_init(void);

#endif
  1. mqtt.c
#include "mqtt.h"
#include "mqtt_client.h"
#include "esp_log.h"

#define ESP_MQTT_HOST "183.230.40.39"
#define ESP_MQTT_URI "mqtt://mqtt.heclouds.com"
#define ESP_MQTT_PORT 6002

#define ESP_CLIENT_ID  "********"//设备id
#define ESP_PRODUCT_ID "********"//产品id
#define ESP_CLIENT_KEY "********"//API KEY

static const char *TAG = "MQTT";
esp_mqtt_client_handle_t client;

bool mqtt_connect_flag=false;

static void mqtt_event_handler(void *handler_args, esp_event_base_t base, int32_t event_id, void *event_data)
{
    ESP_LOGD(TAG, "Event dispatched from event loop base=%s, event_id=%d", base, event_id);
    esp_mqtt_event_handle_t event = event_data;
    int msg_id;
    client = event->client;
    switch ((esp_mqtt_event_id_t)event_id) {
    case MQTT_EVENT_CONNECTED:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_CONNECTED");
        msg_id = esp_mqtt_client_subscribe(client, "heart_report_topic", 0);
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "sent subscribe successful, msg_id=%d", msg_id);
        mqtt_connect_flag=true;
        break;
    case MQTT_EVENT_DISCONNECTED:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_DISCONNECTED");
        break;

    case MQTT_EVENT_SUBSCRIBED:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_SUBSCRIBED, msg_id=%d", event->msg_id);
        break;
    case MQTT_EVENT_UNSUBSCRIBED:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_UNSUBSCRIBED, msg_id=%d", event->msg_id);
        break;
    case MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISHED:
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_PUBLISHED, msg_id=%d", event->msg_id);
        break;
    case MQTT_EVENT_DATA:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_DATA");
        printf("TOPIC=%.*s\r\n", event->topic_len, event->topic);
        printf("DATA=%.*s\r\n", event->data_len, event->data);
        break;
    case MQTT_EVENT_ERROR:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "MQTT_EVENT_ERROR");
        if (event->error_handle->error_type == MQTT_ERROR_TYPE_TCP_TRANSPORT) {
            ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Last errno string (%s)", strerror(event->error_handle->esp_transport_sock_errno));
        }
        break;
    default:
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "Other event id:%d", event->event_id);
        break;
    }
}

void mqtt_app_init(void)
{
    esp_mqtt_client_config_t mqtt_cfg = {
        .uri = ESP_MQTT_URI,
        .port = ESP_MQTT_PORT,
        .client_id = ESP_CLIENT_ID,//设备id
        .username = ESP_PRODUCT_ID,//产品id
        .password = ESP_CLIENT_KEY,//鉴权信息
    };
     client = esp_mqtt_client_init(&mqtt_cfg);
    esp_mqtt_client_register_event(client, ESP_EVENT_ANY_ID, mqtt_event_handler, NULL);
    esp_mqtt_client_start(client);
}

void mqtt_data_publish(void)
{
    char data_str[50];
    int msg_id=0;

    if(mqtt_connect_flag==true)
    {
        snprintf(data_str,sizeof(data_str),"/{%s}/{%s}/heartbeat/report",ESP_PRODUCT_ID,ESP_CLIENT_ID);
        msg_id = esp_mqtt_client_publish(client, "heart_report_topic",data_str, 0, 0, 0);
        ESP_LOGI(TAG, "sent publish successful, msg_id=%d", msg_id);
    }
}

  1. mqtt.h
#ifndef __MQTT_H
#define __MQTT_H

void mqtt_app_init(void);
void mqtt_data_publish(void);
#endif

      如遇到找不到头文件报错,需注意CMakeLists.txt配置。

三、成果展示

  1. 通过onenet设备列表可看到设备在线状态;
    onenet

  2. 通过log可以看到ESP32成功接入onenet,实现订阅主题,周期性向该主题推送信息,并成功收到自己推送的信息,说明整个通信链路是正常的;
    log

      吾辈必当勤勉,持书仗剑耀中华。

ESP32可以通过HTTP或MQTT协议接入ONENET平台。这里以MQTT协议为例,具体步骤如下: 1. 注册ONENET账号,创建产品和设备,获取设备ID和API Key; 2. 安装ESP32开发环境,并在代码中引入PubSubClient库; 3. 编写ESP32代码,配置WiFi和MQTT连接参数,连接MQTT服务器; 4. 实现ESP32ONENET之间的双向通信。 以下是一个简单的ESP32接入ONENETMQTT示例代码: ``` #include <WiFi.h> #include <PubSubClient.h> const char* ssid = "your_SSID"; const char* password = "your_PASSWORD"; const char* mqtt_server = "mqtt.heclouds.com"; const int mqtt_port = 6002; const char* device_id = "your_DEVICE_ID"; const char* api_key = "your_API_KEY"; WiFiClient espClient; PubSubClient client(espClient); void setup() { Serial.begin(115200); WiFi.begin(ssid, password); while (WiFi.status() != WL_CONNECTED) { delay(1000); Serial.println("Connecting to WiFi..."); } Serial.println("Connected to WiFi!"); client.setServer(mqtt_server, mqtt_port); client.setCallback(callback); while (!client.connected()) { Serial.println("Connecting to MQTT server..."); if (client.connect(device_id, api_key, "")) { Serial.println("Connected to MQTT server!"); client.subscribe("/sys/" + String(device_id) + "/+/thing/service/+"); } else { Serial.print("Failed to connect to MQTT server, rc="); Serial.print(client.state()); Serial.println(" retrying in 5 seconds"); delay(5000); } } } void loop() { if (!client.connected()) { reconnect(); } client.loop(); } void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, unsigned int length) { Serial.print("Received message from topic: "); Serial.println(topic); Serial.print("Message: "); Serial.write(payload, length); } void reconnect() { while (!client.connected()) { Serial.println("Connecting to MQTT server..."); if (client.connect(device_id, api_key, "")) { Serial.println("Connected to MQTT server!"); client.subscribe("/sys/" + String(device_id) + "/+/thing/service/+"); } else { Serial.print("Failed to connect to MQTT server, rc="); Serial.print(client.state()); Serial.println(" retrying in 5 seconds"); delay(5000); } } } ``` 在代码中,需要填写WiFi的SSID和密码,以及ONENETMQTT服务器地址、端口号、设备ID和API Key。在setup函数中,首先连接WiFi,然后连接MQTT服务器,并订阅消息主题。在loop函数中,检查MQTT连接状态,并处理收到的消息。如果连接断开,会自动重连。 注意,在ONENET平台上发送消息时,消息主题应为`/sys/{device_id}/{product_id}/thing/service/{service_id}`,其中`{device_id}`和`{product_id}`为设备ID和产品ID,`{service_id}`为自定义的服务ID。接收到的消息也应该在此主题下。 以上示例代码仅供参考,具体实现还需要根据自己的需求进行修改。
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