测试工作常用Linux命令-查看帮助文档命令--help和man有何区别（以curl命令为例）

工作中查看Linux命令的帮助文档可以有两种方式，以curl命令为例:

curl --help
man curl

curl命令可以对URL地址发起请求，有-s、 -I、 -v等等命令

• 以-s、-I命令为例，先来看看–help查询到的帮助信息：

-s --silent        Silent mode (don't output anything)
-I, --head          Show document info only

翻译成中文大概意思就是

-s --silent 静默模式,不输出任何东西
-I --head  仅显示文档信息

信息查到了，第一次看其实还是有点懵，比如说-s命令，用
curl -s https://testerhome.com | grep href 访问testerhome社区，说好的不输出任何东西，但是整个访问返回的网页信息都输出了啊：

qinzhendeMacBook-Pro:~ qinzhen$ curl -s https://testerhome.com | grep href
  <link rel="icon" href="/assets/favicon-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png"/>
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/assets/ios-icon-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png"/>
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/big_logo-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png"/>
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/assets/favicon-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="57x57" href="/apple-icon-57x57.png">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="60x60" href="/apple-icon-60x60.png">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="72x72" href="/apple-icon-72x72.png">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="76x76" href="/apple-icon-76x76.png">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="114x114" href="/apple-icon-114x114.png">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="120x120" href="/apple-icon-120x120.png">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="144x144" href="/apple-icon-144x144.png">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="152x152" href="/apple-icon-152x152.png">
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon" sizes="180x180" href="/apple-icon-180x180.png">
  <link rel="icon" type="image/png" sizes="192x192" href="/android-icon-192x192.png">
  <link rel="alternate" type="application/rss+xml" title="订阅最新帖" href="https://testerhome.com/topics/feed"/>
  <link rel="stylesheet" media="screen" href="/assets/front-287044a6285b3034b763fd338d0385271dbca75872db865d6d714ba9b2628f34.css" data-turbolinks-track="reload" />
      <a href="https://testerhome.com/topics/19664" type="button" class="btn btn-info">查看详情</a>
      ......#后面的内容省略

• 这里再来看man命令查询到的-s、-I的文档解释

-s, --slient 
Silent or quiet mode. Don't show progress meter or error messages. 
-I, --head 
(HTTP FTP FILE) Fetch the headers only! 
HTTP-servers feature the command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of a document. 
When used on an FTP or FILE file, curl  displays the file size and last modification time only.

翻译成中文的意思大概是

-s, --slient  无声或安静模式，不显示进度表或错误消息
-I, --head 当对应HTTP服务时只展示头信息，当使用FTP or FILE文件时，只展示文件大小和上一次的修改时间
-v, --verbose 显示更多的细节

这里的解释就比上一步中的清晰多了，分别运行

curl  https://testerhome.com | grep href
curl -s https://testerhome.com | grep href

对比如下：

qinzhendeMacBook-Pro:~ qinzhen$ curl  https://testerhome.com | grep href
% Total    % Received % Xferd  Average Speed   Time    Time     Time  Current
                              Dload  Upload   Total   Spent    Left  Speed
0     0    0     0    0     0      0      0 --:--:-- --:--:-- --:--:--     0  <link rel="icon" href="/assets/favicon-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png"/>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/assets/ios-icon-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png"/>
<link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/big_logo-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png"/>
<link rel="apple-touch-icon" href="/assets/favicon-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png">
......#后面的内容省略

qinzhendeMacBook-Pro:~ qinzhen$ curl -s https://testerhome.com | grep href
  <link rel="icon" href="/assets/favicon-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png"/>
  <link rel="apple-touch-icon-precomposed" href="/assets/ios-icon-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png"/>
  <link rel="shortcut icon" href="/assets/big_logo-cd32144f74c18746f3dce33e1040e7dfe4c07c8e611e37f3868b1c16b5095da3.png"/>
......#后面的内容省略

这里对比发现很明显了，用-s命令后的的展示结果去掉了最上方的进度表信息

顺便执行下curl -s -I https://testerhome.com 命令看下输出结果：

qinzhendeMacBook-Pro:~ qinzhen$ curl -s  -I https://testerhome.com
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.10.2
Date: Sat, 31 Aug 2019 04:55:46 GMT
Content-Type: text/html; charset=utf-8
Connection: keep-alive
Vary: Accept-Encoding
X-Frame-Options: SAMEORIGIN
X-XSS-Protection: 1; mode=block
X-Content-Type-Options: nosniff
X-Download-Options: noopen
X-Permitted-Cross-Domain-Policies: none
Referrer-Policy: strict-origin-when-cross-origin
ETag: W/"81e569bf92598df50c5397f7080b6854"
Cache-Control: max-age=0, private, must-revalidate
Content-Security-Policy: ;
Set-Cookie: user_id=bnVsbA%3D%3D--69ec4bae7d601a6036395dbe51d1d2ffcd6fa592; path=/; secure
Set-Cookie: _homeland_session=DMhTdNrEmeYU69HrTOWfG5%2Fe40T8hiZ8yLESeIT4MOa84IHLg7W34jZPVJaP3YpK1L9nDPtI1xTRKig2T0tXmkGYDle5euScakeemuCy3PLcd2uiz7u7cuc%2BZ55mFxES8LD2R0IqMRk%2Fmi5ZZGBdgdszRoNRun5vUfC9UdiKz7F5FVfIEDXfdZ5sPnljVD70Z9nf01O4JCEkBJ6wyNrLtBBjPCyCu%2FGGQqfYDSza95Mp3sBpM6YtJ7g2KNoEU5Mjj70sfe46i1WuHMpS6g2HuI%2B1usda5J1Q8w%3D%3D--7H8PB2Bo%2BVwL2SaJ--vzZKAk7OnSDCfdvd0Ej9Og%3D%3D; path=/; expires=Fri, 29 Nov 2019 04:55:46 -0000; secure; HttpOnly
X-Request-Id: 3d577fc5-e77c-42b1-9b2c-ed9791924bf6
X-Runtime: 0.089027
Strict-Transport-Security: max-age=15552000; includeSubDomains

这里也可以很明显的看到，-I命令获取的就是响应头的信息

总结

通过上述实践验证可得到一个结论：
man比–help查询到的帮助文档信息更详细

小插曲~

man其实是manual，手册的意思；不知道有没有人和我一样，第一次看到的时候想到了男人(man),然后我就想：难道说因为男人必须要牛X？所以查询到的信息也更多更详细？然后就以男人作为命令了？哈哈哈哈~ 这里我都把自己给逗乐了，不过也因此记住了它们两者的区别了~