Geant4:调整可视化界面的视角

刚开始赶工G4的作业，好不容易建好一个小人，塞到B1里面去发现怎么也找不到一个合适的视角，小人以各种崎岖的姿势站在坐标系里。很头疼，后来终于找到几条有用的命令。随便记一下。

tldr版本

几个指令：

这些命令可以写在vis.mac脚本里，也可以编译之后通过Idle输入

/vis/viewer/set/upVector [x] [y] [z]:

在坐标系中，设置一个up-vector，调整viewer使得该vector总是朝上。
三个参数分别是up-vector的三个分量，数据类型是double（我猜）

/vis/viewer/centreOn [name]：

选中一个volume作为target，就是让相机对准一个volume
这个name就是在放置logicalVolume为一个physicalVolume的时候写入的那个字符串
例如：

  new G4PVPlacement(0,
                    G4ThreeVector(-leg_delta_x,0,leg_delta_z),
                    logicLeg,
                    "HumanLeg",          // <----------------这个
                    logicWorld,
                    false,
                    0,
                    checkOverlaps);

/vis/viewer/zoomTo [n]：

就好像把镜头拉近拉远一样，将视野放大和缩小
参数n越大，视野中的像越大
还有一个相对性的缩放指令：
/vis/viewer/zoom [n]，如果多次使用/vis/viewer/zoom 2那么视野中的像就会一直两倍两倍的放大。

/vis/viewer/set/viewpointVector [x] [y] [z]：

这是设置从target位置到镜头位置到方向矢量

/vis/viewer/set/lightsVector [x] [y] [z]:

顾名思义，就是调光照方向

唠叨版本

怎么蒙到的？

先去翻看了B1到vis.mac，因为事先大概知道这个是管可视化的，然后在最后几行中发现（大约是102行开始）：

# To get nice view
# Make the "World" box invisible
/vis/geometry/set/visibility World 0 false
# "Envelope" is transparent blue to represent water
/vis/geometry/set/colour Envelope 0 0 0 1 .3
/vis/viewer/set/style surface
/vis/viewer/set/hiddenMarker true
/vis/viewer/set/viewpointThetaPhi 45 180 # <<------这里看着就很像视角

发现大约可以从/vis/viewer/set/viewpoint入手

但怎么想这个视角应该有三个参数才对，但上面那个只给出两个。

在官网给出的《BookForApplicationDevelopers》中查找viewpoint，发现在P310: 8.4.11 Basic camera workings: /vis/viewer/ commands中有如下内容：

The target point can be changed with a /vis/viewer/set command or with the /vis/viewer/pan commands. The up-vector and the viewpoint direction can also be changed with /vis/viewer/set commands. Care must be taken to avoid having the two vectors parallel, for in that case the view is undefined.

于是就知道了G4调整视角的逻辑中包含target和camera两个概念。

后来翻看UIterminal的讲解内容发现：（P42，2.9.2 A Short Description of Available Interfaces)

顺手在运行的魔改版B1里试一下：

Idle> ls /vis/viewer/set/
Command directory path : /vis/viewer/set/


Guidance :
Set view parameters of current viewer.

 Sub-directories :
   /vis/viewer/set/timeWindow/   Set time window parameters of current viewer.
 Commands :
   all * Copies view parameters.
   autoRefresh * Sets auto-refresh.
   auxiliaryEdge * Sets visibility of auxiliary edges
   background * Set background colour and transparency (default black and opaque).
   culling * Set culling options.
   cutawayMode * Sets cutaway mode - add (union) or multiply (intersection).
   defaultColour * Set defaultColour colour and transparency (default white and opaque).
   defaultTextColour * Set defaultTextColour colour and transparency (default blue and opaque).
   edge * Edges become visible/invisible in surface mode.
   explodeFactor * Moves top-level drawn volumes by this factor from this centre.
   globalLineWidthScale * Multiplies line widths by this factor.
   globalMarkerScale * Multiplies marker sizes by this factor.
   hiddenEdge * Edges become hidden/seen in wireframe or surface mode.
   hiddenMarker * If true, closer objects hide markers. Otherwise, markers always show.
   lightsMove * Lights move with camera or with object
   lightsThetaPhi * Set direction from target to lights.
   lightsVector * Set direction from target to lights.
   lineSegmentsPerCircle * Set number of sides per circle for polygon/polyhedron drawing.
   numberOfCloudPoints * Set number of points to be used for cloud representation of volumes.
   picking * Sets picking, if available.
   projection * Set projection style - o[rthogonal] or p[erspective].
If p[erspective], also set field half angle.
   rotationStyle * Set style of rotation - constrainUpDirection or freeRotation.
   sectionPlane * Set plane for drawing section (DCUT).
   style * Set style of drawing - w[ireframe] or s[urface] or c[loud].
   targetPoint * Set target point.
   upThetaPhi * Set up vector.
   upVector * Set up vector.
   viewpointThetaPhi * Set direction from target to camera.
   viewpointVector * Set direction from target to camera.
Idle>

这样可以浏览所有的commads。

Idle> help /vis/viewer/set/upVector


Command /vis/viewer/set/upVector
Guidance :
Set up vector.
Viewer will attempt always to show this direction upwards.

Parameter : x
 Parameter type  : d
 Omittable       : True
 Default value   : 0

Parameter : y
 Parameter type  : d
 Omittable       : True
 Default value   : 1

Parameter : z
 Parameter type  : d
 Omittable       : True
 Default value   : 0

Idle>

这样可以查看commands的用法！

顺手发现了不用ThetaPhi而用笛卡尔坐标系参数的命令。

美滋滋

放一个小录屏皮一下

主要就是这些指令：

/vis/viewer/zoom 0.5 
/vis/viewer/zoom 1 
/vis/viewer/set/viewpointVector 1 0 0
/vis/viewer/set/viewpointVector 1 1 1
/vis/viewer/set/upVector 1 0 0
/vis/viewer/set/upVector 0 0 1
/vis/viewer/set/upVector 0 1 0

/vis/viewer/zoom 4
/vis/viewer/centreOn HumanHeadNeck  
/vis/viewer/centreOn Body
/vis/viewer/centreOn Leg

没法皮了，CSDN不支持放视频，我也懒得做Gif……哈哈哈哈哈哈哈哈

要不就放张图意思一下吧：

/vis/viewer/zoom 4:

/vis/viewer/set/viewpointVector 1 1 1

照相机迷失了233

/vis/viewer/centreOn HumanHeadNeck

/vis/viewer/centreOn HumanBody

/vis/viewer/set/upVector 0 0 1