spring XML注入Bean

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已于 2023-03-31 07:51:02 修改

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分类专栏： Java 文章标签： spring java xml

于 2023-03-30 11:10:23 首次发布

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XML注入Bean 笔记

一、set方式注入
二、有参构造函数注入
三、工厂方法及静态工厂方法注入
四、autowire自动装配（byName 和 byType）
五、Array List Map Set 属性注入
六、使用外部配置文件
七、Bean的生命周期
八、Bean的后置处理器 BeanPostProcessor

一、set方式注入

value：引用这个对象名字的字符串；直接设置一个值（赋一些简单类型的值）

ref：引用的这个对象（可引用其他的bean对象）

	public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
		private UserDao userDao;
   		private String name;
   		private String age;
   		
   		public void setAge(String age) {
	        this.age = age;
    	}
    	
		public void setName(String name) {
	        this.name = name;
    	}

		public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
		    this.userDao = userDao;
	    }
 	}

	<!--set 属性注入-->
	<bean id="UserDao" class="org.example.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
	
    <bean id="userService"  class="org.example.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <property name="name" value="Jack"></property>
        <property name="age" value="18"></property>
        <property name="userDao" ref="UserDao"/>
    </bean>

带有特殊字符的value 和给定默认空值

  <bean d="userService"  class="org.example.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
        <!-- 特殊符号 例如<Jack>报错 可以把带特殊符号内容写到CDATA-->
        <property name="name">
            <value><![CDATA[<Jack>]]></value>
        </property>
		<!--设置属性null 空值-->
		<property name="name"/>
			<null></null>
		</property>
    </bean>

二、有参构造函数注入

	public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
		private UserDao userDao;
   		private String name;
   		private String age;
   		
	 	//有参构造注入
	   public UserServiceImpl(UserDao userDao, String name, String age) 
	   {
	       this.userDao = userDao;
	       this.name = name;
	       this.age = age;
	   }
 	}

	<bean id="UserDao" class="org.example.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>

    <bean id="userService"  class="org.example.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">
       <constructor-arg name="age" value="18"></constructor-arg>
       <constructor-arg name="name" value="Jack"></constructor-arg>
       <constructor-arg name="userDao" ref="UserDao"></constructor-arg>
    </bean>

三、工厂方法及静态工厂方法注入


	public class BookFactory  {
		 //非静态方法
		 public Book createBookObj(){
		 
	      	Book book = new Book();
	      	
	       	book.setName("《三国演义》");
	       	
	       	return car;
	   	}

 		//静态方法
		 public static Book createStaticBookObj(){
		 
	      	Book book = new Book();
	      	
	       	book.setName("《三国演义》");
	       	
	       	return car;
	   	}
	}

工厂非静态方式注入

	<bean id="BookFactory" class="org.example.BookFactory"/>
	
	<bean id="book" factory-bean="BookFactory" factory-method="createBookObj"/>

工厂静态方式注入，无需创建工厂类实例

	<bean id="book" factory-bean="org.example.BookFactory" factory-method="createStaticBookObj"/>

四、autowire自动装配（byName 和 byType）

	public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
		private String userName;
		private UserDao userDao;
		private UserDao userDao1;
		private UserDao userDao2;

		public void setuserName(String userName) {
		    this.userName = userName;
	    }
   		
   		public void setUserDao(UserDao userDao) {
		    this.userDao = userDao;
	    }
	    
		public void setUserDao1(UserDao userDao1) {
		    this.userDao1 = userDao1;
	    }
		
		public void setUserDao2(UserDao userDao2) {
		    this.userDao2 = userDao2;
	    }
 	}

byName注入

	<bean id="UserDao" class="org.example.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
	
	<bean id="UserDao1" class="org.example.dao.impl.UserDao1Impl"/>
	
	<bean id="UserDao2" class="org.example.dao.impl.UserDao2Impl"/>
	
	// byName 以上Bean的Id 需要和 UserService 的属性名对应且Bean的id要唯一
    <bean id="UserService"  class="org.example.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byName">
        <property name="userName" value="Jack"/>
    </bean>

byType注入

	<bean id="A" class="org.example.dao.impl.UserDaoImpl"/>
	
	<bean id="B" class="org.example.dao.impl.UserDao1Impl"/>
	
	<bean id="C" class="org.example.dao.impl.UserDao2Impl"/>
	
	// byName 以上Bean的class类型 需要和 UserService 的属性类型对应
    <bean id="UserService"  class="org.example.service.impl.UserServiceImpl" autowire="byType">
        <property name="userName" value="Jack"/>
    </bean>

总结

byName: Bean的Id值要全局唯一，且要与当前Bean的属性名称要一一对应

byType: Bean的class的类型需要与当前Bean的成员属性对应，Id名称可以随意

五、Array List Map Set 属性注入

	public class UserServiceImpl implements UserService {
		
		//数组类型
	  	private String[] arrays;
	  	
	    //List 集合类型
	    private List<String> lists;
	    
		//Map 集合类型
	    private Map<String,String> maps;

    	//set 集合类型
    	private Set<String> sets;

		 //List 集合对象类型
	    private List<Course> courseList;
	    
		//List 集合类型 util方式注入
	    private List<String> hobbyList;

		public void setArrays(String[] arrays) {
		    this.arrays = arrays;
	    }
   		
   		public void setLists(List<String> lists) {
		    this.lists = lists;
	    }
	    
		public void setMaps(Map<String,String> maps) {
		    this.maps = maps;
	    }
		
		public void setSets(Set<String> sets) {
		    this.sets = sets;
	    }
		public void setCourseList(List<Course> courseList) {
		    this.courseList = courseList;
	    }

		public void setHobbyList(List<String> hobbyList) {
		    this.hobbyList = hobbyList;
	    }
 	}


<bean id="userService"  class="org.example.service.impl.UserServiceImpl">

	 //数组类型注入
     <property name="arrays">
         <array>
             <value>游泳</value>
             <value>唱歌</value>
             <value>王者荣耀</value>
         </array>
     </property>

	 //List集合类型注入 方式一
     <property name="lists">
         <list>
             <value>张三</value>
             <value>李四</value>
         </list>
     </property>

	 //List集合类型注入 方式二使用util方式
   	 <property name="hobbyList" ref="hobbyListDemo"></property>
	
	//Map集合类型注入
	<property name="maps">
          <map>
             <entry key="1" value="java"></entry>
             <entry key="2" value="php"></entry>
             <entry key="2" value="go"></entry>
         </map>
     </property>

	//Set集合类型注入
	<property name="sets">
        <set>
             <value>Mysql</value>
             <value>Vue</value>
         </set>
     </property>
	
	//List集合对象注入
	<property name="courseList">
          <list>
             <ref bean="Course1"></ref>
             <ref bean="Course2"></ref>
         </list>
     </property>
	
</bean>

//使用util 需要引入util命名空间
//xmlns:util="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util
//xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/util  http://www.springframework.org/schema/util/spring-util.xsd"
<util:list id="hobbyListDemo">
 	 <value>爬山</value>
    <value>跑步</value>
    <value>听音乐</value>
</util:list>

//创建多个course对象
<bean id="Course1" class="org.example.Course">
   <property name="cname" value="Mybatis框架"></property>
</bean>

<bean id="Course2" class="org.example.Course">
   <property name="cname" value="Spring框架"></property>
</bean>

六、使用外部配置文件

	//pom.xml 引入数据库坐标
	<dependency>
       <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.8</version>
    </dependency>

    <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
        <version>8.0.28</version>
    </dependency>

新建 resources -> jdbc.properties配置文件

	jdbc.driver=com.mysql.jdbc.Driver
	jdbc.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/my_gin?useSSL=false&serverTimezone=Asia/Shanghai
	jdbc.username=root
	jdbc.password=root

在bean.xml中使用

    //使用context名称空间
    //xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
    //http://www.springframework.org/schema/context  http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd

	//context 引入外部属性文件
    <context:property-placeholder location="classpath:jdbc.properties"></context:property-placeholder>
    <bean id="dataSource" class="com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource">
        <property name="driverClassName" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
        <property name="url" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
        <property name="username" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
        <property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
    </bean>

七、Bean的生命周期

定义BookClass

public class Book {
    private String bookName;

     public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        System.out.println("【setBookName】注入属性bookName");
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public void test() {
        System.out.println("================================");
        System.out.println(bookName);
    }


   public void initFunction() {
        System.out.println("================================");
        System.out.println("【initFunction】Bean实例化了");
    }

    public void destroyFunction() {
        System.out.println("【destroyFunction】容器销毁当前Bean调用");
    }
}

两个生命周期函数：init-method="initFunction" destroy-method="destroyFunction"

 <bean id="book" class="org.example.demo.Book" init-method="initFunction" destroy-method="destroyFunction"></bean>

调用测试

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
Book book = ctx.getBean("book",Book.class);
book.test();
ctx.close();

查看结果

【setBookName】注入属性bookName
================================
【initFunction】Bean实例化了
================================
《三国演义》
================================
【destroyFunction】容器销毁当前Bean调用

Process finished with exit code 0

八、Bean的后置处理器 BeanPostProcessor

自定义后置处理器实现BeanPostProcessor接口，并实现postProcessBeforeInitialization，postProcessAfterInitialization 两个方法

public class MyBeanPost implements BeanPostProcessor {
    @Override
    public Object postProcessBeforeInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("================================");
        System.out.println("在属性注入前执行");
        return bean;
    }

    @Override
    public Object postProcessAfterInitialization(Object bean, String beanName) throws BeansException {
        System.out.println("================================");
        System.out.println("在属性注入后执行");
        return bean;
    }
}

Bean.xml配置

<bean id="MyBeanPost" class="org.example.utils.MyBeanPost"></bean>

定义BookClass

public class Book {
    private String bookName;

     public void setBookName(String bookName) {
        System.out.println("【setBookName】注入属性bookName");
        this.bookName = bookName;
    }

    public void test() {
        System.out.println("================================");
        System.out.println(bookName);
    }


   public void initFunction() {
        System.out.println("================================");
        System.out.println("【initFunction】Bean实例化了");
    }

    public void destroyFunction() {
        System.out.println("【destroyFunction】容器销毁当前Bean调用");
    }
}

两个生命周期函数：init-method="initFunction" destroy-method="destroyFunction"

<bean id="book" class="org.example.demo.Book" init-method="initFunction" destroy-method="destroyFunction"></bean>

调用测试

ClassPathXmlApplicationContext ctx = new ClassPathXmlApplicationContext("bean1.xml");
Book book = ctx.getBean("book",Book.class);
book.test();
ctx.close();

查看结果

【setBookName】注入属性bookName
================================
【后置处理器postProcessBeforeInitialization】在属性注入前执行
================================
【initFunction】Bean实例化了
================================
【后置处理器postProcessAfterInitialization】在属性注入后执行
================================
《三国演义》
================================
【destroyFunction】容器销毁当前Bean调用

Process finished with exit code 0