Java学习（113）Java输入输出流——字符流概述、字节字符转换流、其他字符流

字符流概述

字符输入流Reader

字符输出流Writer

字节字符转换流

InputStreamReader
OutputStreamWriter

查看api

InputStreamReader构造方法

InputStreamReader的方法

OutputStreamWriter构造方法

OutputStreamWriter的方法

注：getEncoding()方法的作用是获取字符编码。

案例：字符输入流

在IOProj工程下新建study.txt文件。

创建字符输入流，读出文件内容方式1

import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
public class ReaderDemo {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		try {
			FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("study.txt");
			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis);
			int n=0;
			char[] cbuf = new char[10];
			while((n=isr.read())!=-1) {
				System.out.print((char)n);
			}
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

运行结果：

Hello,study1!
Hello,study2!
Hello,study3!

Hello,study4!
Hello,study5!
Hello,study6!

创建字符输入流，读出文件内容方式2

		try {
			FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("study.txt");
			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis);
			int n=0;
			char[] cbuf = new char[10];
			while((n=isr.read(cbuf))!=-1) {
				String s = new String(cbuf);
				System.out.print(s);
			}
			isr.close();
			fis.close();
		}

运行结果：

Hello,study1!
Hello,study2!
Hello,study3!

Hello,study4!
Hello,study5!
Hello,study6!
,study6!

运行发现最后一次读操作出错了，这是因为创建的字符数组长度为10，而最后一次Hello,study6!长度未到10，因此，要将 String s = new String(cbuf);转换成实际长度 String s = new String(cbuf,0,n);。即0代表从第1个数据进行字符串的转换，而n代表字符串的转换长度。

		try {
			FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("study.txt");
			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis);
			int n=0;
			char[] cbuf = new char[10];
//			while((n=isr.read())!=-1) {
//				System.out.print((char)n);
//			}
			while((n=isr.read(cbuf))!=-1) {
				String s = new String(cbuf,0,n);
				System.out.print(s);
			}
			isr.close();
			fis.close();
		}

转换后运行结果：

Hello,study1!
Hello,study2!
Hello,study3!

Hello,study4!
Hello,study5!
Hello,study6!

案例：字符输出流

从study.txt读文件并写入study1.txt文件中。

package com.study.charstream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileNotFoundException;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.IOException;
import java.io.InputStreamReader;
import java.io.OutputStreamWriter;
public class ReaderDemo1 {
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		// TODO Auto-generated method stub
		File f1 = new File("study1.txt");
		try {
			f1.createNewFile();
		} catch (IOException e) {
			// TODO Auto-generated catch block
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
		try {
			FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("study.txt");
			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis);
			FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(f1);
			OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos);
			int n=0;
			char[] cbuf=new char[10];
			while((n=isr.read(cbuf))!=-1) {
				String s = new String(cbuf,0,n);
				System.out.print(s);
				osw.write(cbuf,0,n);
				osw.flush();
			}
			fis.close();
			fos.close();
			isr.close();
			osw.close();
		} catch (FileNotFoundException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}catch (IOException e) {
			e.printStackTrace();
		}
	}
}

运行程序，在study1.txt内显示内容：

Hello,study1!
Hello,study2!
Hello,study3!

Hello,study4!
Hello,study5!
Hello,study6!

以和study.txt不同的编码方式写入study1.txt文件中

			FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("study.txt");
			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis);
			FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(f1);
			OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos,"GBK");

运行程序，在study1.txt内显示中文乱码。
解决方式：保持读数据和写数据的编码方式一致即可（要么不写，写就写一致的）。

			FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("study.txt");
			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis,"GBK");
			FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(f1);
			OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos,"GBK");

其他字符流

BufferedReader

构造方法：

常用方法：

BufferedWriter

构造方法：

常用方法：

案例：BufferedReader

		try {
			FileInputStream fis = new FileInputStream("study.txt");
			InputStreamReader isr = new InputStreamReader(fis,"GBK");
			BufferedReader br = new BufferedReader(isr);
			FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream("study1.txt");
			OutputStreamWriter osw = new OutputStreamWriter(fos,"GBK");
			BufferedWriter bw = new BufferedWriter(osw);
			int n=0;
			char[] cbuf=new char[10];
			while((n=br.read(cbuf))!=-1) {
//				String s = new String(cbuf,0,n);
//				osw.write(cbuf,0,n);
//				osw.flush();
				bw.write(cbuf,0,n);
				bw.flush();
			}
			fis.close();
			fos.close();
			isr.close();
			osw.close();
			br.close();
			bw.close();
		}