ffmpeg中AVOptions学习

AVOption是ffmpeg中设置参数非常重要的一个结构体，它的定义如下：

//这是type枚举，也就是数据类型
enum AVOptionType{
    AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_INT,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_INT64,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_DOUBLE,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_FLOAT,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_RATIONAL,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_BINARY,  ///< offset must point to a pointer immediately followed by an int for the length
    AV_OPT_TYPE_DICT,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_UINT64,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_IMAGE_SIZE, ///< offset must point to two consecutive integers
    AV_OPT_TYPE_PIXEL_FMT,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_SAMPLE_FMT,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_VIDEO_RATE, ///< offset must point to AVRational
    AV_OPT_TYPE_DURATION,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_COLOR,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_CHANNEL_LAYOUT,
    AV_OPT_TYPE_BOOL,
};

/**
 * AVOption
 */
typedef struct AVOption {
    const char *name;

    /**
     * short English help text
     * @todo What about other languages?
     */
    const char *help;

    /**
     * The offset relative to the context structure where the option
     * value is stored. It should be 0 for named constants.
     */
    int offset;
    enum AVOptionType type;

    /**
     * the default value for scalar options
     */
    union {
        int64_t i64;
        double dbl;
        const char *str;
        /* TODO those are unused now */
        AVRational q;
    } default_val;
    double min;                 ///< minimum valid value for the option
    double max;                 ///< maximum valid value for the option

    int flags;
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_ENCODING_PARAM  1   ///< a generic parameter which can be set by the user for muxing or encoding
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_DECODING_PARAM  2   ///< a generic parameter which can be set by the user for demuxing or decoding
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_AUDIO_PARAM     8
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_VIDEO_PARAM     16
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_SUBTITLE_PARAM  32
/**
 * The option is intended for exporting values to the caller.
 */
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_EXPORT          64
/**
 * The option may not be set through the AVOptions API, only read.
 * This flag only makes sense when AV_OPT_FLAG_EXPORT is also set.
 */
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_READONLY        128
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_BSF_PARAM       (1<<8) ///< a generic parameter which can be set by the user for bit stream filtering
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_RUNTIME_PARAM   (1<<15) ///< a generic parameter which can be set by the user at runtime
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_FILTERING_PARAM (1<<16) ///< a generic parameter which can be set by the user for filtering
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_DEPRECATED      (1<<17) ///< set if option is deprecated, users should refer to AVOption.help text for more information
#define AV_OPT_FLAG_CHILD_CONSTS    (1<<18) ///< set if option constants can also reside in child objects
//FIXME think about enc-audio, ... style flags

    /**
     * The logical unit to which the option belongs. Non-constant
     * options and corresponding named constants share the same
     * unit. May be NULL.
     */
    const char *unit;
} AVOption;

AVOptions提供一个通用的设置参数系统在任意结构体，下面我们看如何在一个结构体中添加AVOptions:

// The following example illustrates an AVOptions-enabled struct:

  typedef struct test_struct {
  //首先一定要包含AVClass 
  //All AVOptions-related information is stored in an AVClass
  //the first member of the struct should be a pointer to an AVClass describing it
     const AVClass *class;
  //下面是该结构体的四个成员，我们可以通过option来为这四个成员设置参数
      int      int_opt;
      char    *str_opt;
      uint8_t *bin_opt;
      int      bin_len;
  } test_struct;

//增加option数组,必须是static
//必须是NULL来终止
  static const AVOption test_options[] = {
   { "test_int", "This is a test option of int type.", offsetof(test_struct, int_opt),
      AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = -1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX },
    { "test_str", "This is a test option of string type.", offsetof(test_struct, str_opt),
      AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING },
    { "test_bin", "This is a test option of binary type.", offsetof(test_struct, bin_opt),
      AV_OPT_TYPE_BINARY },
    { NULL },
 };
 
  static const AVClass test_class = {
      .class_name = "test class",
      .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
      .option     = test_options,
      .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
  };

接下来看如何让它生效：

  test_struct *alloc_test_struct(void){
  //这里分配空间
      test_struct *ret = av_mallocz(sizeof(*ret));
  //这里一定要设置正确
      ret->class = &test_class;
  //将参数设置为默认值
      av_opt_set_defaults(ret);
      return ret;
  }
  //下面是析构
  void free_test_struct(test_struct **foo){
      av_opt_free(*foo);
      av_freep(foo);
  }

全部信息可以在opt.h中查看：

/**
 * @defgroup avoptions AVOptions
 * @ingroup lavu_data
 * @{
 * AVOptions provide a generic system to declare options on arbitrary structs
 * ("objects"). An option can have a help text, a type and a range of possible
 * values. Options may then be enumerated, read and written to.
 *
 * @section avoptions_implement Implementing AVOptions
 * This section describes how to add AVOptions capabilities to a struct.
 *
 * All AVOptions-related information is stored in an AVClass. Therefore
 * the first member of the struct should be a pointer to an AVClass describing it.
 * The option field of the AVClass must be set to a NULL-terminated static array
 * of AVOptions. Each AVOption must have a non-empty name, a type, a default
 * value and for number-type AVOptions also a range of allowed values. It must
 * also declare an offset in bytes from the start of the struct, where the field
 * associated with this AVOption is located. Other fields in the AVOption struct
 * should also be set when applicable, but are not required.
 *
 * The following example illustrates an AVOptions-enabled struct:
 * @code
 * typedef struct test_struct {
 *     const AVClass *class;
 *     int      int_opt;
 *     char    *str_opt;
 *     uint8_t *bin_opt;
 *     int      bin_len;
 * } test_struct;
 *
 * static const AVOption test_options[] = {
 *   { "test_int", "This is a test option of int type.", offsetof(test_struct, int_opt),
 *     AV_OPT_TYPE_INT, { .i64 = -1 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX },
 *   { "test_str", "This is a test option of string type.", offsetof(test_struct, str_opt),
 *     AV_OPT_TYPE_STRING },
 *   { "test_bin", "This is a test option of binary type.", offsetof(test_struct, bin_opt),
 *     AV_OPT_TYPE_BINARY },
 *   { NULL },
 * };
 *
 * static const AVClass test_class = {
 *     .class_name = "test class",
 *     .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
 *     .option     = test_options,
 *     .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
 * };
 * @endcode
 *
 * Next, when allocating your struct, you must ensure that the AVClass pointer
 * is set to the correct value. Then, av_opt_set_defaults() can be called to
 * initialize defaults. After that the struct is ready to be used with the
 * AVOptions API.
 *
 * When cleaning up, you may use the av_opt_free() function to automatically
 * free all the allocated string and binary options.
 *
 * Continuing with the above example:
 *
 * @code
 * test_struct *alloc_test_struct(void)
 * {
 *     test_struct *ret = av_mallocz(sizeof(*ret));
 *     ret->class = &test_class;
 *     av_opt_set_defaults(ret);
 *     return ret;
 * }
 * void free_test_struct(test_struct **foo)
 * {
 *     av_opt_free(*foo);
 *     av_freep(foo);
 * }
 * @endcode
 *
 * @subsection avoptions_implement_nesting Nesting
 *      It may happen that an AVOptions-enabled struct contains another
 *      AVOptions-enabled struct as a member (e.g. AVCodecContext in
 *      libavcodec exports generic options, while its priv_data field exports
 *      codec-specific options). In such a case, it is possible to set up the
 *      parent struct to export a child's options. To do that, simply
 *      implement AVClass.child_next() and AVClass.child_class_iterate() in the
 *      parent struct's AVClass.
 *      Assuming that the test_struct from above now also contains a
 *      child_struct field:
 *
 *      @code
 *      typedef struct child_struct {
 *          AVClass *class;
 *          int flags_opt;
 *      } child_struct;
 *      static const AVOption child_opts[] = {
 *          { "test_flags", "This is a test option of flags type.",
 *            offsetof(child_struct, flags_opt), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS, { .i64 = 0 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX },
 *          { NULL },
 *      };
 *      static const AVClass child_class = {
 *          .class_name = "child class",
 *          .item_name  = av_default_item_name,
 *          .option     = child_opts,
 *          .version    = LIBAVUTIL_VERSION_INT,
 *      };
 *
 *      void *child_next(void *obj, void *prev)
 *      {
 *          test_struct *t = obj;
 *          if (!prev && t->child_struct)
 *              return t->child_struct;
 *          return NULL
 *      }
 *      const AVClass child_class_iterate(void **iter)
 *      {
 *          const AVClass *c = *iter ? NULL : &child_class;
 *          *iter = (void*)(uintptr_t)c;
 *          return c;
 *      }
 *      @endcode
 *      Putting child_next() and child_class_iterate() as defined above into
 *      test_class will now make child_struct's options accessible through
 *      test_struct (again, proper setup as described above needs to be done on
 *      child_struct right after it is created).
 *
 *      From the above example it might not be clear why both child_next()
 *      and child_class_iterate() are needed. The distinction is that child_next()
 *      iterates over actually existing objects, while child_class_iterate()
 *      iterates over all possible child classes. E.g. if an AVCodecContext
 *      was initialized to use a codec which has private options, then its
 *      child_next() will return AVCodecContext.priv_data and finish
 *      iterating. OTOH child_class_iterate() on AVCodecContext.av_class will
 *      iterate over all available codecs with private options.
 *
 * @subsection avoptions_implement_named_constants Named constants
 *      It is possible to create named constants for options. Simply set the unit
 *      field of the option the constants should apply to a string and
 *      create the constants themselves as options of type AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST
 *      with their unit field set to the same string.
 *      Their default_val field should contain the value of the named
 *      constant.
 *      For example, to add some named constants for the test_flags option
 *      above, put the following into the child_opts array:
 *      @code
 *      { "test_flags", "This is a test option of flags type.",
 *        offsetof(child_struct, flags_opt), AV_OPT_TYPE_FLAGS, { .i64 = 0 }, INT_MIN, INT_MAX, "test_unit" },
 *      { "flag1", "This is a flag with value 16", 0, AV_OPT_TYPE_CONST, { .i64 = 16 }, 0, 0, "test_unit" },
 *      @endcode
 *
 * @section avoptions_use Using AVOptions
 * This section deals with accessing options in an AVOptions-enabled struct.
 * Such structs in FFmpeg are e.g. AVCodecContext in libavcodec or
 * AVFormatContext in libavformat.
 *
 * @subsection avoptions_use_examine Examining AVOptions
 * The basic functions for examining options are av_opt_next(), which iterates
 * over all options defined for one object, and av_opt_find(), which searches
 * for an option with the given name.
 *
 * The situation is more complicated with nesting. An AVOptions-enabled struct
 * may have AVOptions-enabled children. Passing the AV_OPT_SEARCH_CHILDREN flag
 * to av_opt_find() will make the function search children recursively.
 *
 * For enumerating there are basically two cases. The first is when you want to
 * get all options that may potentially exist on the struct and its children
 * (e.g.  when constructing documentation). In that case you should call
 * av_opt_child_class_iterate() recursively on the parent struct's AVClass.  The
 * second case is when you have an already initialized struct with all its
 * children and you want to get all options that can be actually written or read
 * from it. In that case you should call av_opt_child_next() recursively (and
 * av_opt_next() on each result).
 *
 * @subsection avoptions_use_get_set Reading and writing AVOptions
 * When setting options, you often have a string read directly from the
 * user. In such a case, simply passing it to av_opt_set() is enough. For
 * non-string type options, av_opt_set() will parse the string according to the
 * option type.
 *
 * Similarly av_opt_get() will read any option type and convert it to a string
 * which will be returned. Do not forget that the string is allocated, so you
 * have to free it with av_free().
 *
 * In some cases it may be more convenient to put all options into an
 * AVDictionary and call av_opt_set_dict() on it. A specific case of this
 * are the format/codec open functions in lavf/lavc which take a dictionary
 * filled with option as a parameter. This makes it possible to set some options
 * that cannot be set otherwise, since e.g. the input file format is not known
 * before the file is actually opened.
 */