shell学习06：shell常用命令

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1. echo

[kiosk@foundation60 echo]$ cat 01.sh 
#!/bin/bash
name='Tom'
age=20
height=180
weight=70
echo -n "${name} is ${age} years old," # -n:表示不换行
echo -n "${height}cm in height "
echo "and ${weight}kg in weight"
echo "Thank you!"
[kiosk@foundation60 echo]$ sh 01.sh 
Tom is 20 years old,180cm in height and 70kg in weight
Thank you!

echo -e 与 特殊字符串结合处理字符串

echo -e 特殊字符	说明
\a	发出警告声
\b	删除前一个字符
\c	最后不加上换行符号
\f	换行但光标仍旧停留在原来的位置
\n	换行且光标移至行首
\r	光标移至行首，但不换行
\t	插入tab
\v	与\f相同
\	插入\字符

[kiosk@foundation60 echo]$ echo -e "hello \nworld"
hello 
world
[kiosk@foundation60 echo]$ cat 02.sh 
#!/bin/bash
name='Tom'
age=20
height=180
weight=70
# echo -e结合\c 强制echo命令不换行
echo -e "${name} is ${age} years old, \c"
echo -e "${height}cm in height \c"
echo "and ${weight}kg in weight"
echo "Thank you!"
[kiosk@foundation60 echo]$ sh 02.sh 
Tom is 20 years old, 180cm in height and 70kg in weight
Thank you!

2. read

read的选项	用法
-p	用于给出提示符
-n	用于限定最多可以有多少字符可以作为有效读入
-t	用于表示等待输入的时间，单位为秒
-s	默读（不显示在显示器上）

[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ cat 01.sh 
#!/bin/bash
# read -p 显示提示信息 input("str:")
# 注意:必须在一行内输入所有的值 不能换行 
# 否则 只能给第一个变量赋值 后续变量赋值都会失败
read -p "Enter some information >" name url age
echo "网站的名字:$name"
echo "网址:$url"
echo "年龄:$age"
[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ sh 01.sh 
Enter some information >zjy www.baidu.com 88
网站的名字:zjy
网址:www.baidu.com
年龄:88

[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ cat 02.sh 
#!/bin/bash
# read -n num
# -n 1 表示只读取一个字符 
read -n 1 -p "Enter a char >" char
printf "\n"
echo $char
[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ sh 02.sh 
Enter a char >y
y

-t表示计时器；-s：默读（不显示在显示器上）；&&左边的命令返回真后，&&右边的命令才能够被执行。

[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ cat 03.sh 
#!/bin/bash
if
    read -t 20 -sp "Enter password in 20 seconds(once) > " pass1 && echo -e "\n" &&  
    read -t 20 -sp "Enter password in 20 seconds(again)> " pass2 && echo -e "\n" &&  
    [ $pass1 == $pass2 ]  #判断两次输入的密码是否相等
then
    echo "Valid password"
else
    echo "Invalid password"
fi
[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ sh 03.sh 
Enter password in 20 seconds(once) > 

Enter password in 20 seconds(again)> 

Valid password

3. alias

使用alias命令自定义别名的语法格式为：alias new_name='command'

[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ alias timestap='date +%s'
[kiosk@foundation60 read]$ timestap
1580478892

[kiosk@foundation60 alias]$ cat 01.sh 
#!/bin/bash
alias timestamp='date +%s'
begin=`timestamp`
sleep 10s
finish=$(timestamp)
differince=$((finish - begin))
echo "run time: ${differince}"
[kiosk@foundation60 alias]$ sh 01.sh 
run time: 10