ansible安装和使用

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1. 什么是ansible？

2. 安装ansible

ansible官方文档：http://www.ansible.com.cn/

1. server4：可以上网（真机开启路由和地址伪装，server4上配置dns）
2. server4：作为ansible的管理主机

[root@server4 ~]# yum install https://dl.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/epel-release-latest-7.noarch.rpm

[root@server4 ~]# cd /etc/yum.repos.d/
[root@server4 yum.repos.d]# ls
epel.repo  epel-testing.repo  redhat.repo  yum.repo

[root@server4 yum.repos.d]# yum install ansible

3. 使用ansible

1. ansible的清单文件(hosts)

[root@server4 yum.repos.d]# cd /etc/ansible/
[root@server4 ansible]# ls
ansible.cfg  hosts  roles

2. 管理主机

[root@server4 ansible]# vim hosts  # 使用ini的方式

[root@server4 ansible]# ansible 172.25.60.5 -m ping  #-m调用ansible模块，在ping172.25.60.5的时，确保至少ssh连同过一次
172.25.60.5 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

3. 用别名管理

[root@server4 ansible]# vim hosts

[root@server4 ansible]# ansible server5 -m ping
server5 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

4. 先免密在使用ansible

[root@server4 ansible]# ssh_kengen

[root@server4 ansible]# ssh-copy-id server4  --->yes

[root@server4 ansible]# ssh-copy-id server6 --->yes

[root@server4 ansible]# ssh-copy-id server6 --->yes

[root@server4 ansible]# vim hosts

[root@server4 ansible]# ansible server6 -m ping
server6 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

4. [root@server4 ansible]# ansible all -m ping # 一次性操作清单中的说有主机
5. 设置分块访问

[root@server4 ansible]# vim hosts

[root@server4 ansible]# ansible A -m ping
172.25.60.5 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.25.60.6 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
[root@server4 ansible]# ansible B -m ping
172.25.60.3 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

6. 用解析访问

[root@server4 ansible]# vim hosts

[root@server4 ansible]# vim /etc/hosts
172.25.60.5 servera
172.25.60.6 serverb

[root@server4 ansible]# ansible A -m ping
servera | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
serverb | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}

7. 子组

[root@server4 ansible]# vim hosts  # pro：children表示pro中的子组

[root@server4 ansible]# ansible pro -m ping
172.25.60.5 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}
172.25.60.3 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false, 
    "ping": "pong"
}