File文件读写操作

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一、文件中常用的函数

fopen()

打开文件

fopen(const char*  filename, const char* mode)

filename：文件名
mode：打开方式，控制读写权限，数据形式为字符串，一般为:

r	只读
w	只写
r+	读写
w+	更新，写入
a	保留之前的内容写入

fputs()

向输入流stream写入数据

fputs(const char*  str, FILE *stream)

str: 存储数据的字符数组

fflush()

刷新缓冲区，即将缓冲区的数据立刻写入文件，同时清空缓冲区。

fflush(FILE *stream)

fclose()

关闭一个文件流，释放指针和有关的缓冲区。

fflush(FILE *stream)

二、使用实例

文件名为config.txt，内容如下

name:张三
sex:男
age:60
income:8000

1.读取文件

代码如下：

int GetConfigFromFile(char *filename)
{
	FILE *f = fopen(filename, "r");
	char buffer[1024];
	char *b;
	char *p;
	char *stop;
	char *last;
	if(NULL == f)
	{
		printf("Failed to open %s\n", filename);
		return 0;
	}
	printf("Open file %s successfully\n", filename);
	while(NULL != (b = fgets(buffer, 1024, f)))
	{
		if(b[0] == '#') continue;
		p = strtok_r(b, ":", &last);
		if(p != NULL)
		{
			char* val = strtok_r(last, "\n", &last);
			if(NULL ==val)
				continue;
			else
			{
				while((*val == ' ')||(*val == '\t'))
				{
					val++;
				}
				if(strstr(p, "name")) 
					strncpy(m_name, val, sizeof(m_name) - 1);
				else if(strstr(p, "sex")) 
					strncpy(m_sex, val, sizeof(m_sex) - 1);
				else if(strstr(p, "age"))
				 	m_age = strtol(val, &stop, 0); 
				else if(strstr(p, "income")) 
					m_income = strtol(val, &stop, 0);
				else
					printf("Unknown message: %s\n", p);
			}
		}
	}
	fclose(f);
	return 1;
}

运行结果如下：

2.写入文件

代码如下：

int WriteConfigFromFile(char *filename)
{
	FILE *f = fopen(filename, "w+");
	if(NULL == f)
	{
		printf("file is not exist\n");
		return 0;
	}
	printf("Open file successfully\n");
	char buffer[1024] = {0};
	snprintf(buffer, 1024, "name:%s\n", m_name);
	fputs(buffer, f);
	memset(buffer, 0, 1024);
	snprintf(buffer, 1024, "age:%d\n", m_age);
	fputs(buffer, f);
	memset(buffer, 0, 1024);
	snprintf(buffer, 1024, "sex:%s\n", m_sex);
	fputs(buffer, f);
	memset(buffer, 0, 1024);
	snprintf(buffer, 1024, "income:%d\n", m_income);
	fputs(buffer, f);
	
	fflush(f);
	fclose(f);
	return 1;
}

运行结果如下：

3.main()

int main()
{
	char filename[32] = {0};
	strncpy(filename, "config.txt", 32);
	if(0==GetConfigFromFile(filename))
	{
		printf("Read file faily\n");
		return 0;
	}
	else
	{
		printf("Read file successfully\n");
		printf("my name is %s, age is %d, sex is %s, income is %d\n", m_name, m_age, m_sex, m_income);
	}
	strncpy(m_name, "李四", sizeof(m_name) - 1);
	strncpy(m_sex, "女", sizeof(m_sex) - 1);
	m_age = 59;
	m_income = 20;
	if(0 == WriteConfigFromFile(filename))
	{
		printf("Write file faily\n");
		return 0;
	}
	printf("Write file successfully\n");
	
	return 0;
}

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总结

文件读写是基本操作，我是在Linux下编译，若在windows的集成环境下会有所不同，大家最关键的是要掌握和理解文件的基本函数。