通过socket通信实例深度理解Linux poll机制

项目场景：

进程通信，服务端连接多个客户端，通过监听客户端套接字，处理客户端数据。

---

问题描述

TCP连接， 完成三次握手之后，服务端将客户端套接字保存在pollfd结构体中（这个结构体的具体知识看我的上一篇博客）。客户端起定时器，每隔一秒钟发送一次hello world给服务端，服务端收到消息后，回复ok。

客户端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <sys/time.h>     //struct itimeral.setimer()
#include <signal.h>      //for singnal()
#include <unistd.h>

int client_fd;
int scok_fd;
char buf[1024];     // 数据传输缓冲区

void Handler(int sig)
{
	send(scok_fd, buf, strlen(buf), 0);  
	char buffer[1024] = {0};
	recv(scok_fd, buffer, 1023, 0);
	printf("Receive server Data, data is: %s\n", buffer);	
}

int main(int argc, char * argv [])
{
  
  struct sockaddr_in remote_addr;     //客户端网络地址结构体
  struct sockaddr_in my_addr;

  memset(&remote_addr, 0, sizeof(remote_addr));
  remote_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;  // ip通信
  remote_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");   //本地ip地址
  remote_addr.sin_port = htons(8000);   // 端口
  
  //创建套接字 -- ipv4
  scok_fd = socket(AF_INET,SOCK_STREAM,0);
  if(scok_fd<0)
  {
      perror("socket error");
	  return 1;
  }
  
	// connect建立和服务器连接
	int connectfd = connect(scok_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&remote_addr, sizeof(struct sockaddr));
	if(connectfd<0)
  	{
      perror("connect error");
	  return 1;
   	}
	
    strncpy(buf, "hello world", 1024);

    //计时器
	
    signal(SIGALRM,Handler);
    struct itimerval timer;
    
    timer.it_value.tv_sec=3;  //每隔一秒执行相应的函数
	timer.it_value.tv_usec=0;
	timer.it_interval.tv_sec=1;
	timer.it_interval.tv_usec=0;
	int set = setitimer(ITIMER_REAL,&timer,NULL);
    if(set<0)
    {
		 perror("timeout");
		 return -1;
    }
	
	while(1);
    // 关闭套接字
    close(scok_fd);

    return 0;
}

服务端代码

#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <assert.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <poll.h>


#define NFDS 100

//创建socket监听套接字
int CreateSocket()
{
	int listenfd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
	if(listenfd < 0)
	{
		perror("socket error");
		return 0;
	}
	printf("CreateSocket success, listenfd:%d\n", listenfd);
	struct sockaddr_in ser_addr;
	ser_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
	ser_addr.sin_port = htons(8000);
	ser_addr.sin_addr.s_addr = inet_addr("127.0.0.1");
	
	int bindfd = bind(listenfd, (struct sockaddr*)&ser_addr, sizeof(ser_addr));
	if(bindfd < 0)
	{ 
		perror("bind error");
		return 1;
	}
	printf("bind ser_addr success\n");
	listen(listenfd, 10);
	
	return listenfd;
}

//初始化fds结构体数组
void InitFds(struct pollfd *fds)
{
	for(int i = 0; i<NFDS; i++)
	{
		fds[i].fd = -1;
		fds[i].events = 0;
		fds[i].revents = 0;
	}
	printf("InitFds success\n");
}

//向fds结构体数组插入一个文件描述符
void InsertFd(struct pollfd *fds, int fd, int flag)  //此处flag是为了判断是文件描述符connfd， 还是listenfd，来设置events
{
	for(int i=0; i<NFDS; i++)
	{
		if(fds[i].fd == -1)
		{
			fds[i].fd = fd;
			fds[i].events |= POLLIN;
			if(flag)
			{
				//fds[i].events |= POLLRDHUP;
			}
			printf("InsertFd:%d success, flag:%d\n", fd, flag);
			break;
		}
	}
}

//从fds结构体数组中删除一个文件描述符
void DeleteFd(struct pollfd *fds, int fd)
{
	for(int i=0; i<NFDS; i++)
	{
		if(fds[i].fd == fd)
		{
			fds[i].fd = -1;
			fds[i].events = 0;
			printf("DeleteFd:%d success\n", fd);
			break;
		}
	}
}

//获取一个已经完成三次握手的连接
void GetClientLink(int fd, struct pollfd *fds)
{
	struct sockaddr_in cli_addr;
	socklen_t len = sizeof(cli_addr);
	int connfd = accept(fd, (struct sockaddr*)&cli_addr, &len);
	if(connfd<0)
	{
	  perror("accept error");
	  return;
	}
	printf("one client link success, socket is %d\n", connfd);
	InsertFd(fds, connfd, 1);
}

// 向客户端发送响应
void ChangeEvent(int fd, struct pollfd *fds)
{
	for(int i=0; i<NFDS; i++)
	{
		if(fds[i].fd == fd)
		{
			fds[i].revents |= POLLOUT;
			if(fds[i].events == POLLRDHUP)
			{
				fds[i].events = POLLIN;
				printf("11111111111\n");
			}
			else
			{
				fds[i].events = POLLRDHUP;
				sleep(3);
				fds[i].events = POLLIN;
				printf("22222222222\n");
			}
			
			printf("ChangeEvent:%d success\n", fd);
			break;
		}
	}
}

//断开用户连接
void UnlinkClient(int fd, struct pollfd *fds)
{
	close(fd);
	DeleteFd(fds, fd);
	printf("One client unlink\n");
}

//处理客户端发来的数据
void DealClientData(int fd, struct pollfd *fds)
{
	char buff[1024] = {0};
	int n = recv(fd, buff, 1023, 0);
	if(n<=0)
	{
		UnlinkClient(fd, fds);
		return;
	}
	printf("DealClientData, data is: %s\n", buff);
	//ChangeEvent(fd, fds);
	send(fd, "ok", 2, 0);
}

//处理就绪的文件描述符
void DealFinishFd(struct pollfd *fds, int listenfd)
{
	for(int i=0; i<NFDS; i++)
	{
		if(fds[i].fd==-1)
		{
			continue;
		}
		int fd = fds[i].fd;
		if(fd==listenfd && fds[i].revents & POLLIN)
		{
			//获取连接
			GetClientLink(fd, fds);
		}
		else if(fds[i].revents & POLLRDHUP)
		{
			//断开连接
			UnlinkClient(fd, fds);
		}
		else if(fds[i].revents & POLLIN)
		{
			//获取客户端数据
			DealClientData(fd, fds);
		}
	}
}

int main()
{
	int listenfd = CreateSocket();
	//malloc结构体数组
	struct pollfd *fds = (struct pollfd*)malloc(sizeof(struct pollfd) * NFDS);
	assert(NULL != fds);
	//初始化
	InitFds(fds);
	//插入文件描述符
	InsertFd(fds, listenfd, 0);
	while(1)
	{
		int n = poll(fds, NFDS, -1);
		if(n <= 0)
		{
			printf("poll error\n");
			continue;
		}
		DealFinishFd(fds, listenfd);
	}
	free(fds);
	
	return 0;
}

运行结果

客户端日志

服务端日志

---

总结

代码注释很详细，大家还是要自己动手去实现，多多摸索啊