Python中各类文件读取及保存方法总结

一、txt文件

读取：
方式一：
import codecs
with codecs.open('\,txt','r','utf-8') as f:
	text=f.read()	#text为str类型
方式二：
words=[line.strip() for line in open(filepath,mode='r',encoding='utf-8').readlines()]	 #words为list类型

def readtxt(filepath,encoding='gbk'):
    words=[]
    f=open(filepath,encoding=encoding)
    lines=f.readlines()
    for line in lines:
        if line.isspace():
            continue
        else:
            words.append([line])
    return words

def readtxt(filepath,encoding='gbk'):   #这种读法返回的是列表
    words=[line.strip() for line in open(filepath,mode='r',encoding=encoding).readlines()]
    return words           

def readtxt2(filepath,encoding='utf-8'):    #这种读法返回的是[()]
    tuples=[]
    for t in open(filepath).read().split():
        a,b=t.strip('()').split(',')
        tuples.append((a,b))
    return tuples

def readtxt3(filepath,encoding='utf-8'):
    words=np.loadtxt(filepath,delimiter=' ')
    return words


保存：
f=open('filepath','w',encoding='utf-8')
f.writeline([])
f.close

二、csv文件
读取：

方式一：利用numpy读取
import numpy as np
data=np.loadtxt(open('路径.csv','rb'),delimiter=",",skiprows=n,usecols=[2,3])
方式二：利用pandas
import pandas as pd
data=pd.read_csv(r'.csv',sep=',',header='infer')

保存：

方式一：
file=open('test.csv','a+')
file.write('')
file.close()
方式二：（对DataFrame类型数据）
df1=pd.DataFrame(data=img_label_list,columns=['filepath','label'])
df1.to_csv('.csv',index=False)

三、xlsx、xls文件
读取

方式一：pandas库
import pandas as pd
df1=pd.read_excel('.xlsx') #df1为DataFrame格式
方式二：
import xlrd
booksheet=xlrd.open_workbook('.xls')
print(workbook.sheet_names())	#查看所有sheet
booksheet=workbook.sheet_by_index(0)
方式三：
from openpyxl import load_workbook
workbook = load_workbook('D:\\Py_exercise\\test_openpyxl.xlsx')

保存：

from openpyxl import Workbook
 
workbook = Workbook()
booksheet = workbook.active     #获取当前活跃的sheet,默认是第一个sheet
#存第一行单元格cell(1,1)
booksheet.cell(1,1).value = 6   #这个方法索引从1开始
booksheet.cell("B1").value = 7
#存一行数据
booksheet.append([11,87])
workbook.save("test_openpyxl.xlsx")