Matlab学习笔记--常用命令

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前言

Matlab常用命令。

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一、基本操作与矩阵输入

1.数据类型

logical
char
numeric:
  int8、uint8、single、double
  int16、uint16、
  int32、uint32、
  int64、uint64
  默认数据类型double
cell
struct

2.优先级

Variable
Built-in function
SubFunction
Private function:
  MEX-file
  P-file
  M-file

3.Format

Style	Example
short	3.1416
long	3.141592653589793
shortE	3.1416e+00
longE	3.141592653589793e+00
bank	3.14
hex	400921fb54442d18
rat	355/113

4.Array Indexing

索引从1开始计数。

A = [1 21 6;
		 5 17 9;
		 31 2 7]
A(8) = 9
A([1 3 5]) = 1 31 17
A([1 3;1 3]) = 1 31;1 31
A(3,2) = 2
A([1 3],[1 3]) = 1 6;31 7

5.Colon Operator

1到100

A = 1:100

6.特殊矩阵

eye(n):对角线矩阵
zeros(n1,n2)：n1n2零矩阵
ones(n1,n2)：n1n2全1矩阵
diag()：diagonal矩阵
rand()：随机矩阵

7.矩阵相关函数

max(A)
max(max(A))
min(A)
sum(A)
mean(A)
sort(A)
sortrows(A)
size(A)
length(A)
find(A)

二、结构化程序和自定义函数

1.Flow Control

if,elseif,else	Execute statements if condition is true
for	Execute statements specified number of times
switch,case,otherwise	Execute one of several groups of statements
try,catch	Execute statements and catch resulting errors
while	Repeat execution of statements while condition is true
break	Terminate execution of for or while loop
continue	Pass control to next iteration of for or while loop
end	Terminate block of code,or indicate last array index
pause	Halt executionnn temporarily
return	Return control to invoking function

2.相关逻辑运算

Opeerator	Meaning
<	Less than
<=	Less than or equal to
>	Greater than
>=	Greater than or equal to
==	Equal to
~=	Not Equal to
&&	And
ll	Or

3.if elseif else

if condition1
	statement1
elseif condition2
	statement2
else
	statement3
end

4.switch

switch expression
case value1
	statement1
case value2
	statement2
.
.
otherwise
	statement
end	

5.while

while expression
	statement
end

6.for

for variable= start:increment:end
	commands
end

7.break

在while中直接跳出循环到达end

x = 2;k = 0;error = inf;
error_threshold = 1e-32;
while error > error_threshold
	if k > 100
		break
	end
	x = x - sin(x