ThreadLocal-提供线程局部变量

ThreadLocal这个类提供线程局部变量。 这些变量与其正常的对应方式不同，因为访问一个的每个线程（通过其get或set方法）都有自己独立初始化的变量副本。

举例说明：

public class ThreadLocalTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
      ThreadLocal<Object> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
        Thread threadA = new Thread(() -> {
            threadLocal.set("AAAAAAAA");
            System.out.println(threadLocal + "  线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  线程值" + threadLocal.get());
        }, "A");
        threadA.start();
        Thread threadB = new Thread(() -> {

            threadLocal.set("BBBBBBB");
            System.out.println(threadLocal + "  线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  线程值" + threadLocal.get());
        }, "B");
        threadB.start();
        Thread threadC = new Thread(() -> {
            threadLocal.set("CCCCCCC");
            System.out.println(threadLocal + "  线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  线程值" + threadLocal.get());
        }, "C");
        threadC.start();

    }
}

输出结果：

说明：代码中的threadLocal是公共的，也就是一个threadLocal对象，多个线程调用了其set方法，在各个线程中调用get方法，结果都是正确的，并没有因为多次操作一个公共的资源类（threadLocal）而导致数据混乱。

模拟一个非ThreadLocal的类的情况：

public class ThreadLocalTest2 {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
        UserTest user = new UserTest();
        //创建3个线程
        Thread threadA = new Thread(() -> {
           user.setName("张无忌");
            System.out.println(user + "  张无忌线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  线程值" + user.getName());
        }, "A");
        threadA.start();
        Thread threadB = new Thread(() -> {
            user.setName("张三丰");
            //在B线程执行完 user.setName("张三丰")后，等待2秒，释放cpu资源
            try {
                Thread.sleep(2000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(user + "  张三丰线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  线程值" + user.getName());
        }, "B");
        threadB.start();
        Thread threadC = new Thread(() -> {
            user.setName("杨过");
            try {
                //在C线程执行完user.setName("杨过") 操作之后，切换到B线程，
                // 由于B之前已经执行了 user.setName("张三丰");C线程又将值改为了杨过，所以B线程获取的肯定是杨过
                threadB.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(user + "  杨过线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  线程值" + user.getName());
        }, "C");
        threadC.start();
    }
}

看看输出结果：

当然，我上面那个threadLocal的例子没有调用join，没有让出线程执行权，可能难以服众，所以我们将之前的代码修改一下：

public class ThreadLocalTest {

    public static void main(String[] args) {
      ThreadLocal<Object> threadLocal = new ThreadLocal<>();
        Thread threadA = new Thread(() -> {
            threadLocal.set("AAAAAAAA");
            System.out.println(threadLocal + "  线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  线程值" + threadLocal.get());
        }, "A");
        threadA.start();
        Thread threadB = new Thread(() -> {

            threadLocal.set("BBBBBBB");
            try {
                //为了让线程B在线程C之后执行
                Thread.sleep(1000);
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(threadLocal + "  线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  线程值" + threadLocal.get());
        }, "B");
        threadB.start();
        Thread threadC = new Thread(() -> {
            threadLocal.set("CCCCCCC");
            try {
                //让出线程C的cpu时间给线程B，等待线程B执行完之后 线程C再执行
                threadB.join();
            } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                e.printStackTrace();
            }
            System.out.println(threadLocal + "  线程" + Thread.currentThread().getName() + "  线程值" + threadLocal.get());
        }, "C");
        threadC.start();

    }
}

分析：

先看threadLocal的set方法源码：

public void set(T value) {
		//获取当前线程
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        //获取线程的ThreadLocalMap
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null)
        	//this（key）就是一个ThreadLocal的实例
            map.set(this, value);
        else
            createMap(t, value);
    }

看看getMap方法：

ThreadLocalMap getMap(Thread t) {
		//在Thread的源码中有这么一个属性： ThreadLocal.ThreadLocalMap threadLocals = null;
        return t.threadLocals;
    }

看看ThreadLocalMap这个类：
在ThreadLocal类中，有个静态内部类ThreadLocalMap，可以联想我们的hashMap，ThreadLocalMap是真正存储数据的地方

static class ThreadLocalMap {

    	//弱引用
        static class Entry extends WeakReference<ThreadLocal<?>> {
            /** The value associated with this ThreadLocal. */
            Object value;
			//key是一个threadLocal对象
            Entry(ThreadLocal<?> k, Object v) {
                super(k);
                value = v;
            }
        }

        /**
         * The initial capacity -- MUST be a power of two.
         */
        private static final int INITIAL_CAPACITY = 16;

        /**
         * The table, resized as necessary.
         * table.length MUST always be a power of two.
         */
        private Entry[] table;

        /**
         * The number of entries in the table.
         */
        private int size = 0;

        /**
         * The next size value at which to resize.
         */
        private int threshold; // Default to 0


    }

看看get方法：

public T get() {
		//通过当前线程 获取当前线程的ThreadLocalMap，每个线程维护这一个ThreadLocalMap（可以看作是一个hashmap），通过this（ThreadLocal的一个实例）获取一个Entry，通过entry获取value
        Thread t = Thread.currentThread();
        ThreadLocalMap map = getMap(t);
        if (map != null) {
            ThreadLocalMap.Entry e = map.getEntry(this);
            if (e != null) {
                @SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
                T result = (T)e.value;
                return result;
            }
        }
        return setInitialValue();
    }

总结：每个线程维护这一个ThreadLocalMap，这是真正存放数据的地方，该map的key是一个ThreadLocal的实例，通过key获取对应的value。

									You had me at hello ——胡小宝