以下是使用 PyTorch 进行多 GPU 训练的示例代码：
```python
import torch
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
from torch.utils.data import DataLoader
from torchvision.datasets import CIFAR10
from torchvision.transforms import transforms
# 定义模型
class Net(nn.Module):
def __init__(self):
super(Net, self).__init__()
self.conv1 = nn.Conv2d(3, 6, 5)
self.pool = nn.MaxPool2d(2, 2)
self.conv2 = nn.Conv2d(6, 16, 5)
self.fc1 = nn.Linear(16 * 5 * 5, 120)
self.fc2 = nn.Linear(120, 84)
self.fc3 = nn.Linear(84, 10)
def forward(self, x):
x = self.pool(torch.relu(self.conv1(x)))
x = self.pool(torch.relu(self.conv2(x)))
x = x.view(-1, 16 * 5 * 5)
x = torch.relu(self.fc1(x))
x = torch.relu(self.fc2(x))
x = self.fc3(x)
return x
# 定义训练函数
def train(model, device, train_loader, optimizer, criterion):
model.train()
for batch_idx, (data, target) in enumerate(train_loader):
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
optimizer.zero_grad()
output = model(data)
loss = criterion(output, target)
loss.backward()
optimizer.step()
# 定义测试函数
def test(model, device, test_loader, criterion):
model.eval()
test_loss = 0
correct = 0
with torch.no_grad():
for data, target in test_loader:
data, target = data.to(device), target.to(device)
output = model(data)
test_loss += criterion(output, target).item()
pred = output.argmax(dim=1, keepdim=True)
correct += pred.eq(target.view_as(pred)).sum().item()
test_loss /= len(test_loader.dataset)
accuracy = 100. * correct / len(test_loader.dataset)
print('Test set: Average loss: {:.4f}, Accuracy: {}/{} ({:.0f}%)'.format(
test_loss, correct, len(test_loader.dataset), accuracy))
# 定义主函数
def main():
# 设置超参数
batch_size = 128
epochs = 10
lr = 0.01
momentum = 0.9
num_workers = 4
num_gpus = torch.cuda.device_count()
# 加载数据集
transform = transforms.Compose([
transforms.ToTensor(),
transforms.Normalize((0.5, 0.5, 0.5), (0.5, 0.5, 0.5))
])
train_dataset = CIFAR10(root='./data', train=True, download=True, transform=transform)
test_dataset = CIFAR10(root='./data', train=False, download=True, transform=transform)
train_loader = DataLoader(train_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=True, num_workers=num_workers)
test_loader = DataLoader(test_dataset, batch_size=batch_size, shuffle=False, num_workers=num_workers)
# 初始化模型和优化器
model = Net()
if num_gpus > 1:
model = nn.DataParallel(model)
device = torch.device("cuda" if torch.cuda.is_available() else "cpu")
model.to(device)
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=lr, momentum=momentum)
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss()
# 训练和测试
for epoch in range(1, epochs + 1):
train(model, device, train_loader, optimizer, criterion)
test(model, device, test_loader, criterion)
if __name__ == '__main__':
main()
```
这个示例代码可以在多个 GPU 上并行训练模型，如果只有一个 GPU，可以将 `num_gpus` 设置为 1。
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