声明: 本文为 Jean DerGurahian 学者给的定义,仅供参考,其权威性有待商榷。
一、什么是网络编排(Network orchestration)
原文定义:
Network orchestration is a policy-driven approach to network automation that coordinates the hardware and software components a software application or service requires to run.
简译及解读:
网络编排 是一种策略驱动的网络自动化方法,它协调 application 或 service 运行时所需的硬件和软件(这里,作者将“网络编排”定义为一种网络自动化方法,具体是指 “策略驱动的网络自动化方法” 。此外,可以看到编排的对象依旧与 application 及 service 有关)。
二、网络编排的目标是什么?
原文解释:
An important goal of orchestration is to automate the way network requests are carried out and minimize the human intervention required to deliver an application or service.
简译及解读:
编排的一个重要目标是自动化执行的网络请求(准确地说,应该是网络中用户的请求),并最大限度地减少交付应用程序或服务所需的人工干预(严谨地说,这里的“减少人工参与”其实是网络自动化的目的)。
原文举例:
For example, if a cloud storage provider receives an order for 2TB of storage through its customer-facing website, the provider’s orchestration platform can translate the order’s requirements into configuration tasks for network devices to execute.
简译及解读:
例如,如果云存储提供商收到用户的 2TB 存储订单,则提供商的编排平台可以将订单的要求转换为网络设备执行的配置任务(这个例子举地还是很贴切的,道出了意图分解及按需分配资源的潜在的供需匹配过程)。
原文进一步阐述编排:
Network orchestration allows network engineers to define their own gateways, routers, and security groups through software configuration files or policies that are written in a language that a control plane can understand. Instead of one person setting network services and another deploying the application, orchestration automates workflows so both tasks can be carried out programmatically at the same time. Some sophisticated orchestration platforms are network-aware and can use analytics to decide where specific resources should be deployed in order to maintain optimal network performance.
翻译:
网络编排允许网络工程师通过以控制平面可以理解的语言所编写的软件配置文件或策略来定义自己的网关、路由器和安全组。编排不是一个人设置网络服务,另一个人部署应用程序,而是使工作流自动化,因此可以同时以编程方式执行这两项任务。一些复杂的编排平台具有网络感知能力(network-aware),可以分析来决定应在何处部署特定的资源,以保持最佳网络性能。
三、网络编排与网络自动化有何不同?
原文解释:
- Network automation is used to describe the automation of a low-level if this than that management task.
- Network orchestration is used to describe the automation of management tasks that have lots of dependencies. Orchestration allows networks to scale as needed, enables network services to be provisioned across multiple devices, and it makes it possible to deploy resources as needed, thus making the network more agile and responsive.
简译及解读:
- 网络自动化用于描述低级别的自动化管理任务。
- 网络编排用于描述具有大量依赖关系的自动化管理任务。 编排允许网络根据需要进行扩展,使网络服务能够跨多个设备进行配置(这体现了网络的整体性,不再是一个个孤立的部分),并且可以根据需要部署资源(即资源的按需编排),从而使网络更加灵活和响应迅速。
![](https://i-blog.csdnimg.cn/blog_migrate/fb5be7de12a9f740d126eeb8958e1915.png)
四、什么时候需要网络编排?
原文解释:
- Automating the configuration of an interface or routing using IP and OpenFlow protocol;
- Establishing overlays to dictate control and forwarding planes;
- Enabling security domains;
- Using traffic engineering to ensure workflows follow the correct paths;
- Provisioning network services, such as deep packet inspection (DPI), stateful inspection and filters, which need to be placed within the workflow path, directing workflow to the right place, and tagging and managing that information.
翻译:
- 当使用 IP 和 OpenFlow 协议自动配置接口或路由时;
- 当建立控制平面和转发平面之间的从属关系时;
- 当建立安全域时;
- 当使用流量工程确保数据流遵循正确的转发路径时;
- 当提供网络服务时,例如深度数据包检测 (DPI)、状态检测和过滤器,这些服务需要放置在工作流路径中,将工作流程引导到正确的位置,并标记和管理该信息。
五、网络编排的部署模型
(可理解为,网络编排的应用场景)
原文:
- In software-defined networking, network orchestration allows an SDN controller–via APIs–to provision, update and manage the computing resources required to deliver an application or service.
- In cloud computing, orchestration is the means through which a framework of repeatable, reliable and predictable processes can be harnessed to deliver network services over a wide variety of physical and virtual network components.
- Orchestration is particularly important in a multicloud environment, where services and applications are provisioned and delivered from multiple sources. OpenStack, an open source software framework to manage public and private cloud infrastructure, is one way to enable orchestration in a cloud environment.
简译及解读:
- 网络编排可应用于 SDN 网络中:网络编排允许 SDN 控制器通过 API接口,提供、更新和管理交付 application 或service 所需的计算资源。
- 网络编排可应用于云计算场景中:编排是一种可重复、可靠的、可预测的流程框架,可用于在各种物理网络和虚拟网络的组件上提供网络服务。
- 网络编排可应用于多云场景中:此时, application 或 service 受控于多个控制器(换言之,每个云端控制器都可控制任意的 application 或 service )。OpenStack 便是云环境下实现编排的一种方式。
六、网络编排与容器
原文:
- Containers represent a new area where network orchestration is being applied. Containers are a way to run and deploy distributed applications without requiring the use of a dedicated virtual machine. Orchestration manages how these containers are created, upgraded and put into operation; the technology also manages how multiple containers can be connected to build more comprehensive applications.
- Kubernetes, a popular, open source platform to deploy and operate multiple application containers, also contains orchestration tools.
翻译:
- 容器代表了一个正在应用网络编排的新领域。 容器是一种无需使用专用虚拟机即可运行和部署分布式应用程序的方法。 编排管理这些容器的创建、升级和运行方式; 该技术还管理如何连接多个容器以构建更全面的应用程序。
- Kubernetes 是一个流行的开源平台,用于部署和操作多个应用程序容器,它还包含编排工具。