MATLAB教程（二）：结构化程式与函数

• 1、Script Editor

• use command clear all to remove privious variables

• use command clear all to close all figures

• use semicolon ; at the end of commands to inhibit unwanted output

• use ellipsis … to make scripts more readable: A = [1 3 2 4 5 9 ;
  … 8 6 5 9 2 7]

• use ctrl+c to terminate the script

2、Structure Programing
Flow Control:if,elseif,else,for,switch,case,otherwise,try,catch,while,
break,continue,end,pause,return

if(条件1)
	语句1
elseif(条件2)
	语句2
......
else
	语句n
end

while(条件)
	语句
end 

switch 开关
	case (开关1)	
		语句1
	case(开关2)
		语句2
	......
	case(开关n)
		语句n
	otherwise
		语句
end 

i=1;
for n=1:2:10
    a(i) = 2^n;
    i=i+1;
end
disp(a);

Logical Operators:< <= > >= == ~=(不等于） && ||
pre-allocating:
A

tic 
for(ii = 1:2000)
    for(jj = 1:2000)
    end
end 
toc

B

tic 
A=zeros(2000,2000);
for(ii = 1:size(A,1))
    for(jj = 1:size(A:2))
        A(ii,jj) = ii + jj;
    end
end 
toc

B比A快

把A矩阵copy到B，并把A中的负数改为正数：

A=([0 -1 4;9 -14 25;-34 49 64]);
B=zeros(3,3);
for ii=1:3
    for jj=1:3
        if(A(ii,jj)>0)
        B(ii,jj) = A(ii,jj);
        else
        B(ii,jj) = -A(ii,jj);
        end
    end 
end
disp(B);

3.Functions

• Built-in Functions:>>edit (which(‘mean.m’))
• User Define Functions:

function x = freebody(x0,v0,t)
x = x0 +v0*t + 1/2*9.8*t.*t;   %注意是点乘.*
end

function [a , F] = acc(v2,v1,t2,t1,m)
a = (v2-v1) ./ (t2-t1);
F = m.*a;
end

华氏度转摄氏度

function C = F2C
prompt = 'Temperature in F = ';
F = input(prompt);
while(~isempty(F))
    C = (F-32).*(5/9);
    C = num2str(C);
    D = ['==>Temperature in C = ' C];
    disp(D)
    prompt = 'Temperature in F = ';
    F = input(prompt);
end

函数默认变量：
inputname（argNumber）:返回函数输入的第argNumber个变量名
mfilename:返回正在运行函数的文件名
nargin:返回函数输入参数个数
nargout：返回函数输出参数个数
varargin（variable argument in）:返回输入参数表的变量个数
varargout（variable argument out）:输出参数表的变量个数

function [volume] = pillar(Do,Di,height)
if nargin == 2  	 %若只输入两个参数，则需定义height的默认值
	height = 1;
end
volume = abs(Do.^2-Di.^2).*height*pi/4;

Function Handles
一种定义无名函数的方法，比如，一条曲线方程，不必定义为函数。

f = @(x) exp(-2*x);
x = 0:0.1:2;
plot(x,f(x));