re模块深入
import re
字符串切割
str1 = "good good study"
print(str1.split(" "))
print(re.split(r" +",str1))
re.finditer 函数
原型:finditer(pattern, string, flags=0)
参数: pattern-匹配的正则表达式
string-要匹配的字符串
flags-标识位,用于控制正则表达式的匹配方式
功能:与findall类似,扫描整个字符串,返回的是一个迭代器
str3 = "good good study!good good study!day day up!day day up!"
d = re.finditer(r"(good)", str3)
while True:
try:
l = next(d)
print(l)
except StopIteration as e:
break
字符串的替换和修改
sub(pattern, repl, string, count=0, flags=0)
subn(pattern, repl, string, count=0, flags=0)
参数:
pattern: 正则表达式(规则)
repl: 指定的用来替换的字符串
string: 目标字符串
count: 最多替换次数
flags: 参考re模块简介
功能:在目标字符串中以正则表达式的规则匹配字符串,再把它们替换成指定的字符串。可以指定
替换次数,默认替换所有的匹配字符串
区别:前者返回一个被替换的字符串,后者返回一个元组,第一个元素表示被替换的字符串,第二个元素表示被替换的次数
str5 = "good good study!good good study!day day up!day day up!"
print(re.sub(r"(good)","day",str5))
print(re.sub(r"(good)","day",str5, count=2))
print(type(re.sub(r"(good)","day",str5)))
print(re.subn(r"(good)","day",str5))
print(type(re.subn(r"(good)","day",str5)))
分组:
概念:除了简单的判断是否匹配之外,正则表达式还有提取子串的功能。用()表示提取出来的分组
str6 = "010-53247659"
m = re.match(r"(\d{3})-(\d{8})", str6)
#m = re.match(r"(?<first>\d{3})-(?<last>\d{8})", str6)
#使用序号获取对应组的信息,group(0)一直代表原始字符串
print(m.group(0))
print(m.group(1))
#print(m.group("first"))
print(m.group(2))
#查看匹配的各组的 情况
print(m.groups())
编译:当我们使用正则表达式时,re模块会做两件事
1、编译正则表达式,如果正则表达式本身不合法,会报错
2、用编译后的正则表达式去匹配对象
compile(pattern, flags=0)
pattern:要编译的正则表达式
flags:
pat = r"^1(([3578]\d)|(47))\d{8}$"
print(re.match(pat, "13699999999"))
#编译成正则对象
re_telephone = re.compile(pat)
print(re_telephone.match("13699999999"))
直接使用re模块和编译后调用对象对比:
re模块调用
re对象调用
re.match(pattern, string, flags=0)
re_telephone.match(string)
re.search(pattern, string, flags=0)
re_telephone.search(string)
re.findall(pattern, string, flags=0)
re_telephone.findall(string)
re.finditer(pattern, string, flags=0)
re_telephone.finditer(string)
re.split(pattern, string, maxsplit=0, flags=0)
re_telephone.split(string, maxsplit=0)
re.sub(pattern, repl, string, count=0, flags=0)
re_telephone.sub(repl, string, count=0)
re.subn(pattern, repl, string, count=0, flags=0)
re_telephone.subn(repl, string, count=0)
应用:
‘’’
QQ
mail
phone
user
passwd
‘’’