C#的TCP的及时通信DEMO

闲来没事写一个C#的TCP的及时通信,可以在不同的相同机器上运行:全部代码如下

using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.Data;
using System.Drawing;
using System.Linq;
using System.Text;
using System.Windows.Forms;
using System.Threading;
using System.Net.Sockets;
using System.Diagnostics;
using System.Net;
using System.Text.RegularExpressions;
using System.IO;
using System.Net.NetworkInformation;
using System.Xml.Serialization;

namespace SocketText
{
    public partial class FrmText : Form
    {
        #region Var
        public delegate void OperalControl();
        private Thread ProcWorkThread = null;
        private Thread FlushThread = null;
        private bool FlushThreadIsLoop = false;
        private int FlushSleepTime = int.MinValue;
        private TcpListener ServerListener = null;
        private char SplitChar = '^';
        private IPAddress MyAddress = null;
        private List<string> LocalHostIPList;
        private int IPListIndex = 0;
        private int LocalHostPort = int.MinValue;
        private byte[] CacheBuffer = new byte[1024];
        private int CacheBufferLength = 0;
        private bool IsloopFlag = false;
        private bool ISTrigSendEvent = false;
        private System.Windows.Forms.Timer FlushTimer = new System.Windows.Forms.Timer();
        private string SaveUserInfoPath = Path.Combine(AppDomain.CurrentDomain.BaseDirectory, "user.xml");
        private int IndexIP = int.MinValue;
        private int IndexPort = int.MinValue;
        private int IndexIsOnline = int.MinValue;
        #endregion

        /// <summary>
        /// 构造函数
        /// </summary>
        public FrmText()
        {
            InitializeComponent();
            ColumnHeader IP = new ColumnHeader();
            IP.Width = 150;
            IP.Name = "IP";
            IP.Text = "IP地址";
            ColumnHeader Port = new ColumnHeader();
            Port.Width = 100;
            Port.Name = "Port";
            Port.Text = "端口号";
            ColumnHeader IsOnline = new ColumnHeader();
            IsOnline.Name = "IsOnline";
            IsOnline.Text = "是否在线";
            IsOnline.Width = 100;
            listViewFriend.View = View.Details;
            listViewFriend.Columns.AddRange(new ColumnHeader[] { IP, Port, IsOnline });
            LocalHostIPList = GetClientIPAddress();
            Debug.Assert(LocalHostIPList.Count > 0, "获取本地IP地址失败!");
            //获取各个列的索引值 提供给subitems用
            IndexIP = listViewFriend.Columns["IP"].Index;
            IndexPort = listViewFriend.Columns["Port"].Index;
            IndexIsOnline = listViewFriend.Columns["IsOnline"].Index;

        }




        /// <summary>
        /// 窗体加载事件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void FrmText_Load(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            FlushTimer.Tick += new EventHandler(FlushTimer_Tick);
            txtLocalIP.Enabled = false;
            IsloopFlag = true;

            //读取用户信息
            if (File.Exists(SaveUserInfoPath))
            {
                object userInfo = DeserializeXmL(SaveUserInfoPath, typeof(List<ClientNetINfo>));
                List<ClientNetINfo> userInfoList = userInfo as List<ClientNetINfo>;
                if (userInfoList != null)
                {
                    LocalHostPort = int.Parse(userInfoList[0].Port);
                    for (int indx = 1; indx < userInfoList.Count; indx++)
                    {
                        ListViewItem item = new ListViewItem(new string[] { userInfoList[indx].IP, userInfoList[indx].Port, "未知" });
                        item.UseItemStyleForSubItems = false;
                        item.SubItems[IndexIsOnline].ForeColor = Color.Gray;
                        item.Name = userInfoList[indx].IP + userInfoList[indx].Port;
                        listViewFriend.Items.Add(item);
                        if (!txtFriendIP.Items.Contains(userInfoList[indx].IP))
                        {
                            txtFriendIP.Items.Add(userInfoList[indx].IP);
                        }

                    }
                }
            }
            ProcWorkThread = new Thread(ListenClient);
            ProcWorkThread.IsBackground = true;
            ProcWorkThread.Start();

            //Thread GetAllIP = new Thread(GetAreaAllIP);
            //GetAllIP.IsBackground = true;
            //GetAllIP.Start();
        }

        void GetAreaAllIP()
        {
            List<string> listIPs = GetLocalAreaOnlineIPs();
            OperaControl(txtFriendIP, () => { txtFriendIP.DataSource = listIPs; });

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 定时器出发事件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        void FlushTimer_Tick(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            foreach (ListViewItem item in listViewFriend.Items)
            {
                bool ret = SendData(InfoEnum.CheckISOnline, "检测是否在线", item.SubItems[IndexIP].Text, item.SubItems[IndexPort].Text);
                OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum.CheckISOnline, item.SubItems[IndexIP].Text, item.SubItems[IndexPort].Text, ret);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 监听线程  来监听客户端连接  
        /// </summary>
        private void ListenClient()
        {

            Socket clientSocket = null;
            Random random = new Random();
            MyAddress = IPAddress.Parse(LocalHostIPList[IPListIndex]);
            while (IsloopFlag)
            {
                //LocalHostPort = int.Parse(txtLocalPort.Text);

                if (LocalHostPort < 0)
                {
                    LocalHostPort = random.Next(0, 65535);
                }
                try
                {
                    ServerListener = new TcpListener(MyAddress, LocalHostPort);
                    ServerListener.Start(3);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {
                    AddlistViewMsg(string.Format("监听IP:{0} 端口:{1}失败!Msg:{2}。", this.MyAddress.ToString(), LocalHostPort.ToString(), ex.Message));
                    LocalHostPort = random.Next(0, 65535);
                    continue;
                }

                OperaControl(txtLocalIP, () => { txtLocalIP.Text = MyAddress.ToString(); });
                OperaControl(txtLocalPort, () => { txtLocalPort.Text = LocalHostPort.ToString(); });
                AddlistViewMsg(string.Format("监听IP:{0}[{1}]成功。", this.MyAddress.ToString(), LocalHostPort.ToString()));
                break;
            }
            while (IsloopFlag)
            {
                try
                {
                    clientSocket = ServerListener.AcceptSocket();
                    //获取得到
                    //ThreadPool.QueueUserWorkItem(ReciveClient, clientSocket);
                    clientSocket.ReceiveTimeout = 3000;
                    CacheBufferLength = clientSocket.Receive(CacheBuffer);
                    ShowReciveBuffer(Encoding.UTF8.GetString(CacheBuffer, 0, CacheBufferLength));
                    //完成信息传递后必须断开连接 否则会在成服务端大量客服端连接 
                    clientSocket.Close(5);
                }
                catch (Exception ex)
                {

                    if (clientSocket != null)
                    {
                        clientSocket.Close(5);
                    }
                    if (IsloopFlag)
                    {
                        AddlistViewMsg("错误异常" + ex.Message);
                        continue;
                    }
                    else
                    {
                        break;
                    }

                    //ProcWorkThread.Abort();
                    //throw;
                }
            }
        }

        private void ShowReciveBuffer(string recStr)
        {
            int splitCharNu = recStr.Length - (recStr.Replace(SplitChar.ToString(), "").Length);
            if (splitCharNu != 3)
            {
                AddlistViewMsg(" 收到非法数据: " + recStr);
                return;
            }
            string[] recStrArray = recStr.Split(SplitChar);
            InfoEnum infoType = (InfoEnum)(int.Parse(recStrArray[0]));

            switch (infoType)
            {
                case InfoEnum.Unknown:
                    break;
                case InfoEnum.AddFriend:
                    OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum.AddFriend, recStrArray[1].ToString(), recStrArray[2].ToString());
                    AddlistViewMsg(string.Format(" 添加好友: {0}[{1}] ", recStrArray[1], recStrArray[2]));
                    break;
                case InfoEnum.CheckISOnline:
                    OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum.CheckISOnline, recStrArray[1].ToString(), recStrArray[2].ToString());
                    //AddlistViewMsg(string.Format(" 上线了{0}:{1} (* ̄︶ ̄)", recStrArray[1], recStrArray[2]));
                    break;
                case InfoEnum.Messages:
                    AddlistViewMsg(string.Format(" 接收到{0}[{1}]的信息: {2}", recStrArray[1], recStrArray[2], recStrArray[3]));
                    break;
                case InfoEnum.DeleteFriend:
                    OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum.DeleteFriend, recStrArray[1].ToString(), recStrArray[2].ToString());
                    AddlistViewMsg(string.Format(" 删除了好友: {0}[{1}] ", recStrArray[1], recStrArray[2]));
                    break;
                default:
                    break;
            }

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 客户端不停接收数据 此链接无需维护
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="cliSocket"></param>
        void ReciveClient(object cliSocket)
        {
            Socket client = cliSocket as Socket;
            if (client != null)
            {
                while (IsloopFlag)
                {
                    try
                    {
                        EndPoint ipEnd = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Any, 0);
                        byte[] buffer = new byte[1024];
                        //阻塞模式接收数据
                        int recNu = client.ReceiveFrom(buffer, ref ipEnd);
                        if (recNu == 0)
                        {
                            //客户端异常退出
                        }


                    }
                    catch (Exception)
                    {
                        //客户端异常退出

                        break;
                        //throw;
                    }
                }
            }
        }



        /// <summary>
        /// 获取本机的默认IP地址
        /// </summary>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private List<string> GetClientIPAddress()
        {
            List<string> listIP = new List<string>();
            try
            {
                IPAddress[] addressArray = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName());
                Regex regex = new Regex(@"\b(([01]?\d?\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\.){3}([01]?\d?\d|2[0-4]\d|25[0-5])\b");
                foreach (IPAddress itemStr in addressArray)
                {
                    if (regex.IsMatch(itemStr.ToString(), 0) && listIP.Contains(itemStr.ToString()) == false)
                    {
                        listIP.Add(itemStr.ToString());
                    }
                }
            }
            catch (Exception ex)
            {
                AddlistViewMsg("获取本地IP地址,错误信息" + ex.Message);
                //throw;
            }

            return listIP;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 操作方法
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="contr">控件 </param>
        /// <param name="funcMethod">操作委托</param>
        private void OperaControl(Control contr, OperalControl funcMethod)
        {
            if (contr.InvokeRequired)
            {
                contr.Invoke(funcMethod, null);
            }
            else
            {
                funcMethod();
            }
        }

        private void AddlistViewMsg(string msgStr)
        {
            OperaControl(listViewMsg, () => { listViewMsg.AppendText(string.Format("\r\n*{0:HH时MM分ss秒}* {1}\r\n", DateTime.Now, msgStr)); });
        }


        private void OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum operaTpye, string IP, string port, bool IsOnline = true)
        {
            if (operaTpye == InfoEnum.AddFriend)
            {
                OperaControl(listViewFriend, () =>
                   {
                       if (!listViewFriend.Items.ContainsKey(IP + port))
                       {

                           ListViewItem curViewItem = new ListViewItem(new string[] { IP, port, "在线" });
                           curViewItem.UseItemStyleForSubItems = false;
                           curViewItem.SubItems[IndexIsOnline].ForeColor = Color.Green;
                           curViewItem.Name = IP + port;
                           listViewFriend.Items.Add(curViewItem);
                       }
                   });
            }
            else if (operaTpye == InfoEnum.CheckISOnline)
            {

                OperaControl(listViewFriend, () =>
                {
                    listViewFriend.BeginUpdate();
                    foreach (ListViewItem item in listViewFriend.Items)
                    {
                        if (item.Name == IP + port)
                        {
                            if (IsOnline)
                            {
                                item.SubItems[IndexIsOnline].Text = "在线";
                                item.SubItems[IndexIsOnline].ForeColor = Color.Green;
                            }
                            else
                            {
                                item.SubItems[IndexIsOnline].Text = "离线";
                                item.SubItems[IndexIsOnline].ForeColor = Color.Red;
                            }

                            break;
                        }
                    }
                    //listViewFriend.Refresh();
                    listViewFriend.EndUpdate();
                });
            }
            else if (operaTpye == InfoEnum.DeleteFriend)
            {
                OperaControl(listViewFriend, () =>
                {
                    foreach (ListViewItem item in listViewFriend.Items)
                    {
                        if (item.Name == IP + port)
                        {
                            listViewFriend.Items.Remove(item);
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                });
            }

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 添加好友
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnAddFriend_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {

            if (txtLocalIP.Text == txtFriendIP.Text && txtFriendPort.Text == txtLocalPort.Text)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("不能添加自己为好友!");
                return;
            }
            bool addFriendRet = SendData(InfoEnum.AddFriend, "添加好友", txtFriendIP.Text, txtFriendPort.Text);
            if (addFriendRet)
            {
                OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum.AddFriend, txtFriendIP.Text, txtFriendPort.Text);
                AddlistViewMsg(string.Format(" 添加好友成功 {0}[{1}]", txtFriendIP.Text, txtFriendPort.Text));
            }
            else
            {
                MessageBox.Show("添加好友失败!");
            }
        }


        private bool SendData(InfoEnum operalType, string SendStr, string serverIP, string serverPort)
        {
            bool retSend = false;
            byte[] sendBytes = Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(string.Format("{0}{1}{2}{1}{3}{1}{4}", (int)operalType, SplitChar, MyAddress.ToString(), LocalHostPort, SendStr));
           //添加判断如果不是同一个网段直接返回false
            if (serverIP.Remove(serverIP.LastIndexOf('.'))!=MyAddress.ToString().Remove(MyAddress.ToString().LastIndexOf('.')))
            {
                return retSend;
            }
            try
            {
                IPEndPoint serverIEP = new IPEndPoint(IPAddress.Parse(serverIP), int.Parse(serverPort));
                TcpClient client = new TcpClient(new IPEndPoint(MyAddress, 0));
                client.Connect(serverIEP);
                client.Client.Send(sendBytes);
                retSend = true;
                client.Close();
            }
            catch (Exception)
            {
                return retSend;
            }
            return retSend;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 发送消息事件
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void txtSendMsg_KeyDown(object sender, KeyEventArgs e)
        {
            if (e.Control && e.KeyCode == Keys.Return)
            {
                ISTrigSendEvent = true;
                if (listViewFriend.CheckedItems.Count <= 0)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("请先选择好友!");
                }
                else if (txtSendMsg.Text.Length <= 0)
                {
                    MessageBox.Show("请输入发送信息!");
                }
                else
                {
                    foreach (ListViewItem item in listViewFriend.CheckedItems)
                    {
                        bool ret = SendData(InfoEnum.Messages, txtSendMsg.Text, item.SubItems[IndexIP].Text, item.SubItems[IndexPort].Text);
                        if (!ret)
                        {
                            //发送信息失败  好友下线
                            OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum.CheckISOnline, item.SubItems[IndexIP].Text, item.SubItems[IndexPort].Text, false);
                            MessageBox.Show(string.Format("发送给{0}:{1}送消息失败,好友已经下线!", item.SubItems[IndexIP].Text, item.SubItems[IndexPort].Text));
                        }
                        else
                        {
                            //更新好友状态 在线
                            OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum.CheckISOnline, item.SubItems[IndexIP].Text, item.SubItems[IndexPort].Text, true);
                            AddlistViewMsg(string.Format("发送{0}[{1}]消息:{2}", item.SubItems[IndexIP].Text, item.SubItems[IndexPort].Text, txtSendMsg.Text));
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        private void txtSendMsg_TextChanged(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (ISTrigSendEvent)
            {
                txtSendMsg.Text = txtSendMsg.Text.TrimEnd(new char[] { '\r', '\n' });
                ISTrigSendEvent = false;
                txtSendMsg.Select(txtSendMsg.Text.Length, 0);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 启动刷新好友
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnFlushOnline_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            int timerVal;
            bool retTrybool = int.TryParse(txtFlushTime.Text, out timerVal);
            if (!retTrybool)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("输入定时刷新时间无效!");
                return;
            }
            FlushSleepTime = timerVal;
            FlushThreadIsLoop = true;
            FlushThread = new Thread(FlushFriendOnline);
            FlushThread.IsBackground = true;
            FlushThread.Start();


            btnFlushOnline.Enabled = false;
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 线程刷新好友是否在线
        /// </summary>
        void FlushFriendOnline()
        {
            while (FlushThreadIsLoop)
            {
                List<ClientNetINfo> tempList = new List<ClientNetINfo>();
                OperaControl(listViewFriend, () =>
                {
                    foreach (ListViewItem item in listViewFriend.Items)
                    {
                        ClientNetINfo entity = new ClientNetINfo();
                        entity.IP = item.SubItems[IndexIP].Text;
                        entity.Port = item.SubItems[IndexPort].Text;
                        tempList.Add(entity);
                    }
                });
                foreach (ClientNetINfo item in tempList)
                {
                    bool ret = SendData(InfoEnum.CheckISOnline, "检测是否在线", item.IP, item.Port);
                    OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum.CheckISOnline, item.IP, item.Port, ret);
                }

                Thread.Sleep(FlushSleepTime);
            }
        }

        private void btnStopFlushOnline_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            FlushThreadIsLoop = false;
            if (FlushThread != null && FlushThread.IsAlive)
            {
                FlushThread.Abort();
            }

            btnFlushOnline.Enabled = true;
        }

        private void ChangeLocalIPList()
        {
            if (IPListIndex < LocalHostIPList.Count - 1)
            {
                IPListIndex++;
            }
            else
            {
                IPListIndex = 0;
            }

        }

        /// <summary>
        /// 切换本地IP地址
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void btnSwitchIP_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            ChangeLocalIPList();
            IsloopFlag = false;
            if (ServerListener != null)
            {
                ServerListener.Stop();
            }
            ProcWorkThread.Abort();
            ServerListener = null;
            AddlistViewMsg(string.Format("{0}:{1}退出监听", txtLocalIP.Text, txtLocalPort.Text));
            Thread.Sleep(10);
            //开启监听
            if (LocalHostPort.ToString() != txtLocalPort.Text)
            {
                LocalHostPort = int.Parse(txtLocalPort.Text);
            }
            IsloopFlag = true;
            ProcWorkThread = new Thread(ListenClient);
            ProcWorkThread.IsBackground = true;
            ProcWorkThread.Start();

        }

        private List<string> GetLocalAreaOnlineIPs()
        {
            List<string> IPList = new List<string>();
            IPAddress[] localhostIPs = Dns.GetHostAddresses(Dns.GetHostName()).Where<IPAddress>(ret => ret.AddressFamily.ToString() == "InterNetwork").ToArray();
            string localIPStr = string.Empty;
            Ping textPing = new Ping();
            PingReply pingReply = null;
            byte[] data = { 0 };
            foreach (IPAddress itemIPstr in localhostIPs)
            {
                localIPStr = itemIPstr.ToString();
                //截取IP网段
                string IPSegment = localIPStr.Remove(localIPStr.LastIndexOf('.'));
                for (int idx = 1; idx < 255; idx++)
                {
                    string pingIP = IPSegment + "." + idx;
                    pingReply = textPing.Send(pingIP, 5, data);

                    if (pingReply.Status == IPStatus.Success)
                    {
                        IPList.Add(pingIP);
                    }
                }

            }
            return IPList;
        }


        /// <summary>
        ///保存好友信息
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="sender"></param>
        /// <param name="e"></param>
        private void FrmText_FormClosing(object sender, FormClosingEventArgs e)
        {
            List<ClientNetINfo> tempList = new List<ClientNetINfo>();
            tempList.Add(new ClientNetINfo() { IP = txtLocalIP.Text, Port = txtLocalPort.Text });
            foreach (ListViewItem item in listViewFriend.Items)
            {
                ClientNetINfo entity = new ClientNetINfo();
                entity.IP = item.SubItems[IndexIP].Text;
                entity.Port = item.SubItems[IndexPort].Text;
                tempList.Add(entity);
            }
            //xml 序列化
            SerializeToXMl(SaveUserInfoPath, tempList);
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// XML序列化
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path"></param>
        /// <param name="obj"></param>
        private void SerializeToXMl(string path, object obj)
        {
            XmlSerializer xmlSerializer = new XmlSerializer(obj.GetType());
            string strSerial = string.Empty;
            using (StringWriter strWriter = new StringWriter())
            {
                xmlSerializer.Serialize(strWriter, obj);
                strSerial = strWriter.ToString();
            }
            string rexStr = Convert.ToBase64String(Encoding.UTF8.GetBytes(strSerial));
            using (StreamWriter write = new StreamWriter(path))
            {
                write.Write(rexStr);
            }
        }

        /// <summary>
        /// XML反序列化
        /// </summary>
        /// <param name="path"></param>
        /// <param name="type"></param>
        /// <returns></returns>
        private object DeserializeXmL(string path, Type type)
        {
            XmlSerializer deSerial = new XmlSerializer(type);
            string readStr = string.Empty;
            using (StreamReader reader = new StreamReader(path, Encoding.UTF8))
            {
                readStr = reader.ReadToEnd();
            }
            byte[] readByte = Convert.FromBase64String(readStr);
            MemoryStream MemoStream = new MemoryStream(readByte);
            using (StreamReader readerEnd = new StreamReader(MemoStream, Encoding.UTF8))
            {
                return deSerial.Deserialize(readerEnd);
            }

        }
        //右键删除好友
        private void DeleteToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (listViewFriend.SelectedItems.Count != 1)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("请先选择删除的好友!");
                return;
            }
            DialogResult result = MessageBox.Show("确认要删除好友吗?", "删除好友", MessageBoxButtons.OKCancel);
            if (result == DialogResult.OK)
            {
                ListViewItem livs = listViewFriend.SelectedItems[0];
                string ipStr=livs.SubItems[IndexIP].Text;
                string PortStr=livs.SubItems[IndexPort].Text;
                bool retDel = SendData(InfoEnum.DeleteFriend, "把你删除了",ipStr ,PortStr );
                if (retDel)
                {
                    //删除成功
                    OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum.DeleteFriend, ipStr, PortStr);
                    AddlistViewMsg(string.Format(" 主动删除好友{0}[{1}]成功!", ipStr, PortStr));
                }
                else
                {
                    //删除失败
                    OperatelistViewFriend(InfoEnum.CheckISOnline, ipStr, PortStr,false);
                    MessageBox.Show("删除好友失败!");
                }
            }
        }

        //复制端口号
        private void CopyPortToolStripMenuItem_Click(object sender, EventArgs e)
        {
            if (listViewFriend.SelectedItems.Count != 1)
            {
                MessageBox.Show("请先选择要复制的端口号!");
                return;
            }
            ListViewItem livs = listViewFriend.SelectedItems[0];
            Clipboard.SetText(livs.SubItems[IndexPort].Text);
        }




    }

    public enum InfoEnum
    {
        Unknown = 0,
        AddFriend = 1,
        CheckISOnline = 2,
        Messages = 3,
        DeleteFriend = 4,
    }
    public class ClientNetINfo
    {
        public string IP { get; set; }
        public string Port { get; set; }
    }
}

加粗样式在这里插入图片描述
完整示例下载链接:https://download.csdn.net/download/weixin_43542114/12651028

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首先要理解基本的原理,2台电脑间实现TCP通讯,首先要建立起连接,在这里要提到服务器端与客户端,两个的区别通俗讲就是主动与被动的关系,两个人对话,肯定是先有人先发起会话,要不然谁都不讲,谈什么话题,呵呵!一样,TCPIP下建立连接首先要有一个服务器,它是被动的,它只能等待别人跟它建立连接,自己不会去主动连接,那客户端如何去连接它呢,这里提到2个东西,IP地址和端口号,通俗来讲就是你去拜访某人,知道了他的地址是一号大街2号楼,这个是IP地址,那么1号楼这么多门牌号怎么区分,嗯!门牌号就是端口(这里提到一点,我们访问网页的时候也是IP地址和端口号,IE默认的端口号是80),一个服务器可以接受多个客户端的连接,但是一个客户端只能连接一台服务器,在连接后,服务器自动划分内存区域以分配各个客户端的通讯,那么,那么多的客户端服务器如何区分,你可能会说,根据IP么,不是很完整,很简单的例子,你一台计算机开3个QQ,服务器怎么区分?所以准确的说是IP和端口号,但是客户端的端口号不是由你自己定的,是由计算机自动分配的,要不然就出现端口冲突了,说的这么多,看下面的这张图就简单明了了。 在上面这张图中,你可以理解为程序A和程序B是2个SOCKET程序,服务器端程序A设置端口为81,已接受到3个客户端的连接,计算机C开了2个程序,分别连接到E和D,而他的端口是计算机自动分配的,连接到E的端口为789,连接到D的为790。 了解了TCPIP通讯的基本结构后,接下来讲解建立的流程,首先声明一下我用的开发环境是Visual Studio2008版的,语言C#,组件System.Net.Sockets,流程的建立包括服务器端的建立和客户端的建立,如图所示: 二、实现: 1.客户端: 第一步,要创建一个客户端对象TcpClient(命名空间在System.Net.Sockets),接着,调用对象下的方法BeginConnect进行尝试连接,入口参数有4个,address(目标IP地址),port(目标端口号),requestCallback(连接成功后的返调函数),state(传递参数,是一个对象,随便什么都行,我建议是将TcpClient自己传递过去),调用完毕这个函数,系统将进行尝试连接服务器。 第二步,在第一步讲过一个入口参数requestCallback(连接成功后的返调函数),比如我们定义一个函数void Connected(IAsyncResult result),在连接服务器成功后,系统会调用此函数,在函数里,我们要获取到系统分配的数据流传输对象(NetworkStream),这个对象是用来处理客户端与服务器端数据传输的,此对象由TcpClient获得,在第一步讲过入口参数state,如果我们传递了TcpClient进去,那么,在函数里我们可以根据入口参数state获得,将其进行强制转换TcpClient tcpclt = (TcpClient)result.AsyncState,接着获取数据流传输对象NetworkStream ns = tcpclt.GetStream(),此对象我建议弄成全局变量,以便于其他函数调用,接着我们将挂起数据接收等待,调用ns下的方法BeginRead,入口参数有5个,buff(数据缓冲),offset(缓冲起始序号),size(缓冲长度),callback(接收到数据后的返调函数),state(传递参数,一样,随便什么都可以,建议将buff传递过去),调用完毕函数后,就可以进行数据接收等待了,在这里因为已经创建了NetworkStream对象,所以也可以进行向服务器发送数据的操作了,调用ns下的方法Write就可以向服务器发送数据了,入口参数3个,buff(数据缓冲),offset(缓冲起始序号),size(缓冲长度)。 第三步,在第二步讲过调用了BeginRead函数时的一个入口参数callback(接收到数据后的返调函数),比如我们定义了一个函数void DataRec(IAsyncResult result),在服务器向客户端发送数据后,系统会调用此函数,在函数里我们要获得数据流(byte数组),在上一步讲解BeginRead函数的时候还有一个入口参数state,如果我们传递了buff进去,那么,在这里我们要强制转换成byte[]类型byte[] data= (byte[])result.AsyncState,转换完毕后,我们还要获取缓冲区的大小int length = ns.EndRead(result),ns为上一步创建的NetworkStream全局对象,接着我们就可以对数据进行处理了,如果获取的length为0表示客户端已经断开连接。 具体实现代码,在这里我建立了一个名称为Test的类: 2.服务器端: 相对于客户端的实现,服务器端的实现稍复杂一点,因为前面讲过,一个服务器端可以接受N个客户端的连接,因此,在服务器端,有必要对每个连接上来的客户端进行登记,因此服务器端的程序结构包括了2个程序结构,第一个程序结构主要负责启动服务器、对来访的客户端进行登记和撤销,因此我们需要建立2个类。 第一个程序结构负责服务器的启动与客户端连接的登记,首先建立TcpListener网络侦听类,建立的时候构造函数分别包括localaddr和port2个参数,localaddr指的是本地地址,也就是服务器的IP地址,有人会问为什么它自己不去自动获得本机的地址?关于这个举个很简单的例子,服务器安装了2个网卡,也就有了2个IP地址,那建立服务器的时候就可以选择侦听的使用的是哪个网络端口了,不过一般的电脑只有一个网络端口,你可以懒点直接写个固定的函数直接获取IP地址System.Net.Dns.GetHostAddresses(System.Net.Dns.GetHostName())[0],GetHostAddresses函数就是获取本机的IP地址,默认选择第一个端口于是后面加个[0],第2个参数port是真侦听的端口,这个简单,自己决定,如果出现端口冲突,函数自己会提醒错误的。第二步,启动服务器,TcpListener.Start()。第三步,启动客户端的尝试连接,TcpListener.BeginAcceptTcpClient,入口2个参数,callback(客户端连接上后的返调函数),state(传递参数,跟第二节介绍的一样,随便什么都可以,建立把TcpListener自身传递过去),第四步,建立客户端连接上来后的返调函数,比如我们建立个名为void ClientAccept(IAsyncResult result)的函数,函数里,我们要获取客户端的对象,第三步里讲过我们传递TcpListener参数进去,在这里,我们通过入口参数获取它TcpListener tcplst = (TcpListener)result.AsyncState,获取客户端对象TcpClient bak_tcpclient = tcplst.EndAcceptTcpClient(result),这个bak_tcpclient我建议在类里面建立个列表,然后把它加进去,因为下一个客户端连接上来后此对象就会被冲刷掉了,客户端处理完毕后,接下来我们要启动下一个客户端的连接tcplst.BeginAcceptTcpClient(new AsyncCallback(sub_ClientAccept), tcplst),这个和第三步是一样的,我就不重复了。 第二个程序结构主要负责单个客户端与服务器端的处理程序,主要负责数据的通讯,方法很类似客户端的代码,基本大同,除了不需要启动连接的函数,因此这个程序结构主要启动下数据的侦听的功能、判断断开的功能、数据发送的功能即可,在第一个程序第四步我们获取了客户端的对象bak_tcpclient,在这里,我们首先启动数据侦听功能NetworkStream ns= bak_tcpclient.GetStream();ns.BeginRead(data, 0, 1024, new AsyncCallback(DataRec), data);这个跟我在第二节里介绍的是一模一样的(第二节第10行),还有数据的处理函数,数据发送函数,判断连接已断开的代码与第二节也是一模一样的,不过在这里我们需要额外的添加一段代码,当判断出连接已断开的时候,我们要将客户端告知第一个程序结构进行删除客户端操作,这个方法我的实现方法是在建立第二个程序结构的时候,将第一个程序结构当参数传递进来,判断连接断开后,调用第一个程序结构的公开方法去删除,即从客户端列表下删除此对象。 第一个程序结构我们定义一个TSever的类,第二个程序结构我们一个TClient的类,代码如下:TSever类

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