C++运算符重载（谭浩强10.1-10.5）

例10.1 通过函数来实现复数相加

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
	Complex(){ real = 0; imag = 0; }//在类内定义构造函数
	Complex(double r, double i){ real = r; imag = i; }
	//构造函数重载并定义
	Complex complex_add(Complex&c2);
	void display();
private:
	double real;
	double imag;
};
Complex Complex::complex_add(Complex &c2)
{
	Complex c;
	c.real = real + c2.real;
	c.imag = imag + c2.imag;
	return c;
}
void Complex::display()
{
	cout << "(" << real << "," << imag << "i)" << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Complex c1(3, 4), c2(5, -10), c3;//定义三个复数对象
	c3 = c1.complex_add(c2);
	cout << "c1="; c1.display();
	cout << "c2="; c2.display();
	cout << "c1+c2"; c3.display();
	return 0;
}

程序执行效果如图：

例10.2 对运算符"+"实行重载：对上例改写如下：

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
	Complex(){ real = 0; imag = 0; }//在类内定义构造函数
	Complex(double r, double i){ real = r; imag = i; }
	//构造函数重载并定义
	Complex operator +(Complex&c2);//声明重载运算符+的函数
	void display();
private:
	double real;
	double imag;
};
Complex Complex::operator +(Complex &c2)//定义重载运算符+的函数
{
	Complex c;
	c.real = real + c2.real;
	c.imag = imag + c2.imag;
	return c;
}
void Complex::display()
{
	cout << "(" << real << "," << imag << "i)" << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Complex c1(3, 4), c2(5, -10), c3;//定义三个复数对象
	c3 = c1 + c2;
	cout << "c1="; c1.display();
	cout << "c2="; c2.display();
	cout << "c1+c2"; c3.display();
	return 0;
}

程序执行结果和例10.1一样。
例10.3将运算符+重载放在类外，作为complex类的友元函数。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
class Complex
{
public:
	Complex(){ real = 0; imag = 0; }//在类内定义构造函数
	Complex(double r, double i){ real = r; imag = i; }
	//构造函数重载并定义
	friend Complex operator +(Complex&c1,Complex &c2);
	//声明重载运算符+的函数作为友元函数
	void display();
private:
	double real;
	double imag;
};
Complex operator +(Complex &c1, Complex &c2)//定义重载运算符+的函数
{
	return Complex(c1.real + c2.real, c1.imag + c2.imag);
}
void Complex::display()
{
	cout << "(" << real << "," << imag << "i)" << endl;
}
int main()
{
	Complex c1(3, 4), c2(5, -10), c3;//定义三个复数对象
	c3 = c1 + c2;
	cout << "c1="; c1.display();
	cout << "c2="; c2.display();
	cout << "c1+c2"; c3.display();
	return 0;
}

程序执行结果和例10.1一样。

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
class String
{
public:
	String(){ p = NULL; }//定义默认构造函数
	String(char *str);//声明构造函数
	friend bool operator>(String &string1, String&string2);
	//声明运算符函数为重载函数
	friend bool operator<(String &string1, String&string2);
	friend bool operator==(String &string1, String&string2);
	void display();
private:
	char *p;//字符型指针用于指向字符串
};
String::String(char *str)//定义构造函数
{
	p = str;
}
void String::display()
{
	cout <<p;
}
bool operator>(String&string1, String&string2)
{
	if (strcmp(string1.p, string2.p) > 0)
		return true;
	else return false;
}
bool operator<(String&string1, String&string2)
{
	if (strcmp(string1.p, string2.p) < 0)
		return true;
	else return false;
}
bool operator==(String&string1, String&string2)
{
	if (strcmp(string1.p, string2.p) == 0)
		return true;
	else return false;
}
void compare(String&string1, String&string2)
{
	if (operator>(string1,string2)==1)
	{string1.display(); cout << ">"; string2.display();}
	else
		if (operator<(string1, string2) == 1)
		{
		string1.display(); cout << "<"; string2.display();
		}
		else
			if (operator==(string1, string2) == 1)
			{
		string1.display(); cout << "=="; string2.display();
			}
	cout << endl;
}
int main()
{
	String string1("Hello"), string2("Book"),string3("Compare")
		, string4("Hello");
	compare(string1 ,string2) ;
	compare(string2, string3) ; 
	compare(string1, string4);
	return 0;
}

程序执行结果如图：

例10.5 单目运算符++的重载

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include<string>
class Time
{
public:
	Time(){ minute = 0; sec = 0; }//默认构造函数
	Time(int m, int s) :minute(m), sec(s){}//构造函数重载
	Time operator++();//声明运算符成员函数
	void display(){
		cout << minute << ":" << sec << endl;}
private:
	int minute;
	int sec;
};
Time Time::operator++()//定义运算符重载成员函数
{
	if (++sec >= 60)
	{
		sec -= 60;
		++minute;
	}
	return *this;
}
int main(){
	Time time1(34, 0);
	for (int i = 0; i < 61;i++)
	{
		++time1;
		time1.display();
	}
	return 0;
}

程序执行结果如图;