SpringBoot入门

目录

一、新建第一个springboot程序

 二、3个接口与3个URL配置方式

简单介绍一下项目结构

分别测试三个接口：

 三、配置文件两种写法properties和yml，习惯property

 四、自定义配置

静态变量static要有set方法才能注入参数

 五、Service和Dao层编写，跑通数据库

        1.加入数据库和mybatis依赖，数据库配置

---

一、新建第一个springboot程序

名字什么自己写，Java选择1.8或者Java8

 Springboot选择主流的2而不是3，勾一下Spring Web，然后create创建

 二、3个接口与3个URL配置方式

简单介绍一下项目结构

pom文件：

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <parent>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
        <version>2.7.8</version>
        <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository -->
    </parent>
    <groupId>com.ex</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-boot-first</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <name>spring-boot-first</name>
    <description>spring-boot-first</description>
    <properties>
        <java.version>1.8</java.version>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
    <repositories>
        <repository>
            <id>aliyun</id>
            <name>aliyun</name>
            <url>https://maven.aliyun.com/repository/public</url>
        </repository>
    </repositories>
    <build>
        <plugins>
            <plugin>
                <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
                <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            </plugin>
        </plugins>
    </build>

</project>

ParaController类：

package com.ex.springbootfirst.controller;

import com.ex.springbootfirst.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PostMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author: Aiver
 * @Date: 2023/02/02~~22:08
 * @Description:演示接口和传参
 */
//表示是一个JSON格式而不是页面格式
@RestController
public class ParaController {
    @GetMapping("/firstRequest")
    public String firstRequest(){
            return "球哥的第一个firstRequest接口";
    }
    @GetMapping("paraRequest")
    public Integer paraRequest(Integer x){
        x++;
        return x;
//        return x++;++x;
    }
    @PostMapping("/postRequest")
    public String postRequest(@RequestBody Student student){
        return "postRequest"+student;
    }
}

学生类记得加构造器，全参构造方法，否则传不进去参数，像这样

 学生类：

package com.ex.springbootfirst.pojo;

/**
 * @Author: Aiver
 * @Date: 2023/02/02~~22:34
 * @Description:数据传输对象
 */
public class Student {
    private Integer id;
    private String name;
    private Integer age;

    public Student(Integer id, String name, Integer age) {
        this.id = id;
        this.name = name;
        this.age = age;
    }

    @Override
    public String toString() {
        return "Student{" +
                "id=" + id +
                ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                ", age=" + age +
                '}';
    }
}

分别测试三个接口：

 三、配置文件两种写法properties和yml，习惯property

 

 四、自定义配置

PropertyController类：

package com.ex.springbootfirst.controller;

import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author: Aiver
 * @Date: 2023/02/02~~23:21
 * @Description:和配置相关的controller
 */
@RestController
public class PropertyController {
    private Integer grade=3;
    private Integer classNum=6;
    @GetMapping("/gradeClass")
    public String gradeClass(){
        return "年级"+grade+"班级"+classNum;
    }
}

测试：

 自定义在配置文件中写法

PropertyController类改为：

package com.ex.springbootfirst.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author: Aiver
 * @Date: 2023/02/02~~23:21
 * @Description:和配置相关的controller
 */
@RestController
public class PropertyController {
    @Value("${student.grade}")
    private Integer grade;
    @Value("${student.classNum}")
    private Integer classNum;
    @GetMapping("/gradeClass")
    public String gradeClass(){
        return "年级"+grade+"班级"+classNum;
    }
}

 property文件：

server.port=8666
spring.application.name=spring-boot-first
#server.servlet.context-path=qiu
server.servlet.context-path=/qiu

student.grade=6
student.classNum=13

测试一下：

静态变量static要有set方法才能注入参数

PropertyController类

 

package com.ex.springbootfirst.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author: Aiver
 * @Date: 2023/02/02~~23:21
 * @Description:和配置相关的controller
 */
@RestController
public class PropertyController {
    @Value("${student.grade}")
    private Integer grade;
    @Value("${student.classNum}")
    private Integer classNum;
    @Value("${student.age}")
    static Integer age;

    @GetMapping("/gradeClass")
    public String gradeClass(){
        return "年级"+grade+"班级"+classNum;
    }
    @GetMapping("/staticPara")
    public String staticPara(){
        return "static变量age："+age;
    }
}

配置文件：

测试，发现参数注入不了：

 

 配置文件保持不变，使用set方法对静态变量的参数注入，右键genera生成set方法，然后去掉static。

错误示范没有去掉static，测试一样没有成功传入测试：

package com.ex.springbootfirst.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author: Aiver
 * @Date: 2023/02/02~~23:21
 * @Description:和配置相关的controller
 */
@RestController
public class PropertyController {
    @Value("${student.grade}")
    private Integer grade;
    @Value("${student.classNum}")
    private Integer classNum;
    //@Value("${student.age}")
    static Integer age;

    @GetMapping("/gradeClass")
    public String gradeClass(){
        return "年级"+grade+"班级"+classNum;
    }
    @GetMapping("/staticPara")
    public String staticPara(){
        return "static变量age："+age;
    }

    @Value("${student.age}")
    public static void setAge(Integer age) {
        PropertyController.age = age;
    }
}

正确示范并测试可以传入参数：

package com.ex.springbootfirst.controller;

import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author: Aiver
 * @Date: 2023/02/02~~23:21
 * @Description:和配置相关的controller
 */
@RestController
public class PropertyController {
    @Value("${student.grade}")
    private Integer grade;
    @Value("${student.classNum}")
    private Integer classNum;
    //@Value("${student.age}")
    static Integer age;

    @GetMapping("/gradeClass")
    public String gradeClass(){
        return "年级"+grade+"班级"+classNum;
    }
    @GetMapping("/staticPara")
    public String staticPara(){
        return "static变量age："+age;
    }

    @Value("${student.age}")
    public void setAge(Integer age) {
        PropertyController.age = age;
    }
}

 五、Service和Dao层编写，跑通数据库

 1.加入数据库和mybatis依赖，数据库配置

         <dependency>
            <groupId>org.mybatis.spring.boot</groupId>
            <artifactId>mybatis-spring-boot-starter</artifactId>
            <version>2.1.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>mysql</groupId>
            <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
            <version>8.0.19</version>
        </dependency>

 

 

server.port=8666
spring.application.name=spring-boot-first
#server.servlet.context-path=qiu
server.servlet.context-path=/qiu

student.grade=6
student.classNum=13
student.age=19

spring.datasource.driver-class-name=com.mysql.cj.jdbc.Driver
spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/springbootFirst?serverTimezone=UTC&useUnicode=true&characterEncoding=utf-8&useSSL=true
spring.datasource.username=root
spring.datasource.password=root

 

2.新建Service和dao包的类

dao层接口：

package com.ex.springbootfirst.mapper;

import com.ex.springbootfirst.pojo.Student;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Mapper;
import org.apache.ibatis.annotations.Select;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

/**
 * @Author: Aiver
 * @Date: 2023/02/03~~10:07
 * @Description:查询学生的dao层
 */
@Mapper
@Repository
public interface StudentMapper {
    @Select("SELECT * FROM students WHERE id = #{id}")
    Student queryStudentById(Integer id);
//    public Student queryStudentById(Integer id);

}

Service层：

package com.ex.springbootfirst.service;

import com.ex.springbootfirst.mapper.StudentMapper;
import com.ex.springbootfirst.pojo.Student;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.stereotype.Service;

/**
 * @Author: Aiver
 * @Date: 2023/02/03~~10:04
 * @Description:查询学生的Service
 */
@Service
public class StudentService {
    @Autowired
    StudentMapper studentMapper;
    public Student queryStudentById(Integer id){
        return studentMapper.queryStudentById(id);
    }
}

controller层：

错误示范

 正确示范

package com.ex.springbootfirst.controller;

import com.ex.springbootfirst.pojo.Student;
import com.ex.springbootfirst.service.StudentService;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.GetMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestParam;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;

/**
 * @Author: Aiver
 * @Date: 2023/02/03~~10:42
 * @Description:学生Controller
 */
@RestController
public class StudentController {
    @Autowired
    StudentService studentService;
    @GetMapping("/queryStudentById")
    public String queryStudentById(@RequestParam Integer id){
        return studentService.queryStudentById(id).toString();
    }
}

 测试成功，注意在postman中测试的请求是GET请求而不是post请求：